Essay on Personality and the ESL Student - 1286 Words

How can an extroverted or introverted personality in ELL and ESL students affect behavior, learning process and classroom environment? Extroversion versus Introversion the terms originated from psychologist Carl Jungs theory of personality. Jung saw the extrovert as directed toward the outside world and the introvert as directed toward the self or inside world. That is why, theoretically, introvert students are less involved in the classroom and extrovert students are more active. As I observed a classroom where the student population consists of 90% Latino and 70% are ELL or ESL students, I noticed how students’ personality and behavior could make a significant impact in a classroom. To understand more about the students’ conditions is†¦show more content†¦In a classroom where students are struggling to acquire or dominate a second language, it highly interesting to observe how their personality can make a difference in the way they can perform in the classroo m. On my third day observing, a question aroused; theoretically who learns more an introvert or extrovert student? In a classroom of 20 students I identified 14 of the students fall into the category of ESL or ELL. During my observation I identified the students by the speech (pronunciation or deficiency of English vocabulary), and I noticed the teacher had also made several cluster depending on their English fluency. I observed that among the 14 ELL and ESL students 5 of the students I classified as introverted students: like to be alone, like to be silence, and never participated. While the other 9 students were obviously extroverted students: most of them like to work in-group, are more social, participate, and like attention. The International Journal of Science Education presented the observation of twins who had the same background, same parents and same experiences. The article ‘Self-perception, individual learning style and academic achievement by a pair of bilingual twins in a secondary school clearly call my attention as I finished the journal it was clear to me that the twins were very similar but their personality differ, after two years of observation, the research concluded that the twins haveShow MoreRelatedCulture : Language And Language762 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage is limited in many ways by cultural knowledge and understanding. II. What I Want to Find Out Because I strongly believe in the interdependence of culture and language, I want to explore the focus on culture in current ESL classrooms and how that impacts the success of students. I also want to investigate the correlation between cultural understanding and linguistic language acquisition. Since I believe that culture plays a much larger role in second language learning than is currently reflectedRead MoreEll Increase Year After Year1721 Words   |  7 PagesEvery ELL student is unique and has different learning process. Although the semester covered a wide variety of topics ranging from dialects to teaching methods, every module served its purpose in providing a framework for future ELL teachers. Learning about how to teach ELL was significant to me because when I first entered the school system in America, I was placed into ESL and I have gone through the process of many of these teaching methods. EDUC 628 main focus was preparing students whose goalRead MoreThe Issue Of Lan guage Boundaries838 Words   |  4 Pagesmedium of correspondence, as well as connected to an individual s personality in this way these boundaries may impact different parts of the administration encounter. Applying this thought to the U.S. eatery connection, this study intends to research the effect of language boundary on ESL students s eating encounters in the U.S. Through subjective and exploratory techniques, this study will recognize issues that worry ESL students in intercultural benefit experiences and the aftereffects of thisRead MorePurpose Driven Life1328 Words   |  6 Pagesalive who is Youer than You.† Every essence of our being, from our personalities to our DNA is different from everyone else in this world. Many of these distinctions are apparent in the classroom setting and at times can prove challenging for a teacher. Some students may learn the lessons very quickly while others may take extra time and may need out-of-class help. These differences will aff ect their ability to learn and grow as a student and the strategies I implement in my classroom will affect theirRead MoreLanguage Form Analysis: Study Guide729 Words   |  3 Pagesstatement include questions about plans on Sunday, a question regarding Dave, or in a conversation regarding the purpose of the meeting itself (though this would likely require a higher complexity in the conversation and context than the others). Student Check: Timeline for when the statement is made, when the meeting is scheduled, and when the meeting will take place to ensure temporal understanding. Language Form: Declarative statement with temporal features; subject-object Pronunciation Features:Read More Personal Narrative- Making Positive Changes Essay600 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Narrative- Making Positive Changes I have positive attributes and weaknesses as everyone else does. However, since I came from Peru to America, I experienced many changes in my personality from a shy girl to an independent, outgoing and friendly teenager. My strongest personal attributes are generosity, my spirit of collaboration and my perseverance to achieve any goals and overcome obstacles in my life. For example, when I was in Peru I used to go to a hospital to help children withRead MoreStruggle in Foreign Country2035 Words   |  9 Pagessanctuary for all students in the world. In United States, there are huge amount of immigrant moving in every year, and the most of purpose for them is education for next generation. In fact, from the 1997-98 school years to the 2008-09 school years, the number of English-language learners enrolled in public schools increased from 3.5 million to 5.3 million, or by 51 percent (National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition, 2011). As long as the dramatic increase on foreign students, the educationRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagessources while I was doing my research I searched on google about the problems that learners face during the learning process. I found a journal that is â€Å"Difficulties English Learners May Face in an ESL Environment†. The journal is firstly defining the ESL students and the differences between the ESL students who learn in countries that English is the native language and countries where English is non-native language. Then it talks about the difficulties of learning English as a second language. the writerRead MoreFactors Of Career And Personality Assessments849 Words   |  4 Pagestake that would assist her in making these important decisions. Assessments One of the first steps in helping a student who is undecided about their degree is to suggest useful assessments. Career and personality assessments are beneficial in several ways. They can help provide insight into personality traits, skills, and interests of a student. The results in turn can help students make connections between these traits and careers that they are well suited for. There are two tools in particularRead MoreRisk Factors For Gang Involvement Essay952 Words   |  4 Pageshow the â€Å"gang cultural† plays out within that gang. According to one ESL teacher Latino gang culture is promoting a positive educational environment (Gardner, 2014). Positive attributes of gang culture within correctional setting as offenders who are mandated to get an education while incarcerated include the presence of a distinct leader, providing structure and respect in the classroom; the hard work and perseverance of ESL student; and a dedication and loyalty to those they love (Gardner, 2014).

Chalk Portrait free essay sample

The hardest part of observational drawing is seeing the lines where shadow meets light and negative space meets positive space. Five years ago those lines became tangible to me, as I drew an Ugg boot propped against my bedroom wall. I blinked, and it was no longer a boot; it was a system of weaving and interlacing lines. Some new spark had welded a connection into my brain,  ­allowing me to see beyond objects and reduce them to their basic shapes. Everywhere I looked, shadows, lights, and space were divided into segments of color. I could finally see. Soon those lines and color blocks became a permanent fixture in my vision. Now I see that my nose is tipped with a shaded circle and a dainty spot of shine. My fingers cast blue-grey shadows upon the parallel keys of the piano, gliding over ivory and black keys with thin white strips of shine on their edges. We will write a custom essay sample on Chalk Portrait or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The scroll of my violin curls inward like a shell with sharply defined shadows. My thin, spidery hands are webbed with shadowed creases that stretch and bunch up with each movement. It boggles my mind that these mosaic colors were once invisible to me. Without them I would feel naked, stripped of identity, lost. Over the summer, my friend and I made giant chalk portraits of ourselves on a large concrete wall next to the local bike path. My likeness took two ten-hour days to finish – back bent, eyes to the wall, I filled in the colored mosaic of my head as passersby looked with curiosity. At the beginning of the second day, a man wearing khaki shorts and  ­circular glasses stopped to contemplate my drawing. He crossed his arms and leaned back on his right leg, and asked me: â€Å"Is that Benjamin Franklin?† I spluttered and shook my head, unsure of how to reply. He was being ridiculous, of course. My  ­drawing didnt look like Mr. Franklin †¦ or did it? I peered quizzically at my work, taking in the bald head and hair trailing down the sides of my cheeks. It was because of the hair, I realized. I hadnt filled in the hair on top of my head yet, giving my likeness the appearance of baldness and dark sideburns, a distinctively mannish look. This man with circular spectacles had seen what I could not because he  ­possessed a fresh perspective – a way of seeing the world that was different from mine. When I looked at my portrait, I saw myself staring back at me. When the bespectacled man viewed my work, he saw an elderly historical figure. Though his question made me cringe, it also helped me to see, and later fix, my drawings resemblance to Ben Franklin. I realized then that my artistic perspective was just that – a perspective. Now I still relish my view of the world, but I also accept that clear vision is achieved with multiple pairs of eyes.

Nucleic Acid Question and Answer Essay Sample free essay sample

A. DNA Extraction Virtual Lab [ 2 Markss ] Question 1 [ 1. 0 grade ] Isolate nucleated cells into eppendorf tubing ( right get downing measure ) . Add 500 ul 10 % SDS and 55 ul protease K ( 10 mg/ml stock ) . Incubate at 37?C with soft commixture or rocking. Add 1. 4 milliliter saturated NaCl solution ( about 6M ) . Spin eppendorf tubings at 10000 revolutions per minute in a extractor for 15 proceedingss. Shake the tubing smartly for 15 seconds to let protein to precipitate. Transfer the supernatant to another eppendorf tubing. go forthing behind the precipitated protein pellet Add precisely two volumes of 100 % isopropyl alcohol at room temperature. Spin eppendorf tubings at 2500 revolutions per minute in a extractor for 15 proceedingss. Invert the tubing several times until the DNA precipitate is seeable. Remove supernatant from tubing. go forthing behind the precipitated DNA pellet. Dissolve DNA pellet in little volume of TE ( Tris-EDTA ) buffer or H2O ( right stoping measure ) . Question 2 [ 1. 0 grade ] When TE buffer or H2O is added. the Deoxyribonucleic acid pellet is able to fade out. We will write a custom essay sample on Nucleic Acid Question and Answer Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However. in the presence of ethyl alcohol. the Deoxyribonucleic acid will precipitate. This is because. unlike H2O. ethyl alcohol has a low insulator invariable as it is less polar. That means that Na+ and PO3- could interact with each other more easy and do the Deoxyribonucleic acid to go less hydrophilic and be precipitated alternatively. B. Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Lab [ 2 Markss ] Question 1 [ 1. 0 grade ] The pieces of Deoxyribonucleic acid have to travel through the gel. where there will be some opposition. Large DNA fragments will confront more trouble in making so as they can non steal through the holes easy. Higher concentration of the gel will do the hole size to diminish so the Deoxyribonucleic acid can non go through through it easy. It will be slowed down and travel an even shorter distance or non be able to go much at all. This could take to inaccurate or indecipherable consequences. Question 2 [ 1. 0 grade ] Dye is used so as to better observe and track the motion of the atoms during cataphoresis. This is because we can non see the DNA coloring material with bare oculus. The lading dye will assist weigh down the Deoxyribonucleic acid so it will drop the underside of the gel and non float. C. PCR Virtual Lab [ 2 Markss ] Question 1 [ 1. 0 grade ] Extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid: this is of import so that we can retroflex the Deoxyribonucleic acid more times. It is used as a t emplet. Primer 1: Primer attach to the sites on the DNA strands that will be amplified so that they can copy specific DNA sequences without aiming the incorrect site. So Primer 1 will attach to the first site ( the start ) . Primer 2: Primer 2 will attach to the 2nd site ( the terminal ) . Nucleotides: Forms the base that makes up the Deoxyribonucleic acid codification. DNA polymerase: Attaches the Deoxyribonucleic acid codification it reads to the fiting base to do multiple transcripts of the DNA. Question 2 [ 1. 0 grade ] EDTA acts as a chelating agent. It binds cations and prevents enzymes from adhering to the Deoxyribonucleic acid. With increased concentration of the EDTA. there may non be good reaction conditions for Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases due to extra of cations. This means that the Deoxyribonucleic acid can sometimes non be identified decently. However. there will non be any other new DNA fragments added so no 1 will be wrongly convicted. Entire / Maximum Marks: / 6 Markss

History of American Colony

History of American Colony Introduction The formation of the American colony is laden with instances of coercion, manipulation, oppression and outright violence. The elite were at the forefront of these vices owing to the need to protect their interests. Land owners had to resort to retrogressive tactics in order to secure labor and property in the newly established British colony.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of American Colony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also employed divide and conquer tactics amongst the masses in order to quell potential rebellions. In the new American colony, the elite did not epitomize liberty; they used their positions of power to control the natives, indentures and African Americans such that they could secure their own places. How America was conceived The first category of individuals that had to be pacified or controlled were the indentured servants. In order to secure adequate labor, the elite imposed heavy fines upon indentured servants who attempted to flee their masters. In Virginia, a person caught doing this would have to provide additional labor equal to the period of time that he or she was away. â€Å"Over the next century, a good deal of time of Virginia’s House of Burgesses would be taken up with how to keep servants in check.† (Jordan and Walsh 95). As a result, disgruntled white servants had no choice but to serve the complete term of their contract thus securing the aristocracy’s interests. The latter group of people also disciplined their white servants by whipping them at home or inside whipping posts. Their objective was to instill fear as well minimize instances of mild rebellion. Not only did land owners employ physical means to keep white servants in order, they also controlled their social relations. They forbade indentured servants from marrying bridal maidens from England. Any indentured worker, who wanted to marry, had to obtain permission from his master. Females could not get pregnant without serving some extra time as servants (Jordan and Walsh 95). One should note that the indentured-servant system was not prevalent from the beginning. Rich capitalist created it because they wanted to establish the most profitable means of tobacco cultivation. In the early 1620s, Virginia hired a consultant who stated that sharecropping was not effective in yielding high profits. Sharecropping relied on the use of tenants for production. This specialist suggested the use of servants rather than tenants in agriculture. As a consequence, new entrants from England were bitterly disappointed when they realized that their transporters had changed the terms of their contract (Jordan and Walsh 104). They would no longer be tenants in the colonies but mere servants whose term of service would expire upon their master’s pronouncement.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research shows that the aristocracy’s preoccupation with control was not unfounded. Many indentured servants were frustrated with their conditions and if untamed, then they would upset the delicate class balance in the American colonies. A case in point was Thomas Hellier, whose masters had frustrated him for long. He chose to take matters into his own hands by killing his master, his master’s wife and another servant (Jordan and Walsh 106). When pleading his case, the defendant explained that he had a lot of resentment against slave traders. He argued that such merchants lured desperate people from England into the colony without any intention of keeping their end of the bargain. It was sentiments like these that caused a lot of apprehension among the elite who opted to use brutal tactics to keep their laborers in check. Taylor (154) explains that a rebellion eventually took place in 1676 when a g roup of frustrated freed men took up arms; this was known as Bacon’s rebellion. After completing the terms of their contract, land owners released their workers into a society with minimal economic opportunities. Most of these white laborers owned no property and lived in deplorable conditions. The extravagance of the elite disturbed them to a point of causing a rebellion. However, the state quelled the rebellion and tamed possible uprisings among newly freed while servants. African slaves were also another mechanism for securing the interests of rich landowners in the American colonies. Unlike white servants, who cost more to own and who had no lifetime guarantee, black slaves remained their slave master’s property all their lives. It was more economical to invest in slaves than white servants (Clark et. al. 111). Taylor (154) explains that â€Å"planters shifted from servants to slaves for economic security and security against another rebellion by angry freedmen.â €  Despite their promise, African slaves still had the potential to rebel too. In the early 1600s, African slaves were few in number and possessed same rights as their white counterparts. They could work for their freedom, own land and even buy slaves. However, in the latter half of the 17th century, black slaves had multiplied in number. White land owners worried that they could come together, take up arms and attack their white masters. Therefore, colonists saw the opportunity to utilize former indentured servants to preserve their position.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of American Colony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They would give poor whites a range of privileges that blacks could not enjoy. The aristocracy’s sole intention was to divide society on the basis of race in order to prevent an alliance that could upset social order. If poor whites got together with disgruntled black slaves, then the elite would have no chance of staying in power. They thus created several laws designed to subjugate black slaves and fool poor whites into supporting them. Some of the laws forbade Africans from gathering in large numbers. They elongated their work days, increased their work load, gave them less food than before, and neglected their medical needs (Taylor 155). On the flipside, they allowed whites to bully blacks as much as they wanted with no fear of punishment from authorities; the laws forbade blacks from striking whites. This created a feeling of solidarity among all members of the white race. Divide and conquer tactics did not just stop at the highly oppressive colonial labor laws; it was cemented by a series of social controls too. Colonists forbade blacks from marrying whites while perpetrators of the crime would immediately become indentured servants. Children born from these unions were condemned to slavery. Even if a child was born of a black mother and w hite father, their identity would still remain black (Shifflett 107). They needed to pass this law in order to protect many white masters who frequently raped their black slaves and fathered mulatto children. Plantation owners secured a whole generation of slaves for themselves. They could violate black women’s rights (by raping them) but did not have to take responsibility for their actions. Instead, they were rewarded by having yet another laborer in their plantation. As is the case with several capitalists, the land owners had to justify their actions using arguments that the masses would believe. Many of them used technical justifications such as an increase in the number of blacks and their intellectual backwardness. Others even employed just-war principles; they explained that when capturing a person in war, â€Å"a subjugator could offer them enslavement as an alternative to death† (Gallay 46). However these capitalists were simply making their brutal actions ac ceptable among the masses. Their just-war claims were false because African slaves were forcefully captured; they were not products of war. Native Americans were also affected by the need to perpetuate capitalist interest in the new colonies. Most Indians were not useful sources of labor in the colonies for a number of economic reasons. The elite often traded with them by purchasing animal skin and other useful items.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, this was an opportunity for self preservation as enslaving Indians would lead to an increase in war. Indians were indigenous to the Americas, so it made more sense to evacuate them from certain portions of land rather than rely on them for labor (Gallay 47). The colonists exercised a lot of discretion in determining where to place the indigenous population in the land-labor hierarchy. The use of race was a divide-and -conquer tactic for rich land owners. They made poor whites feel superior by granting them voters rights and a few superficial benefits. This had the effect of obscuring common class distinctions between themselves and black slaves. The wealthy cemented their place by creating a lesser creature than the indentured servants. Native Americans could not liaise with poor whites or black slaves because they perceived their problems to be unique to their community. In essence, rich whites had quelled opportunities for rebellion. Conclusion The most interesting a spect to me was the impunity with which the elite exercised their privileges and abuses. I also found the contradictory nature of the libertarian values espoused by the colonists and the gross violation of human rights that took place in the new colony out of the ordinary. Lastly, it was enlightening to learn that oppressive systems did not start out that way, but grew as a need for self preservation. Clark, Christopher, Nancy Hewitt, Roy Rosenzweig, Nelson Lichtenstein, Joshua Brown, David Jaffee. Who Built America? Working People and the Nation’s History. Bedford: St. Martin’s Press, 2008. Print. Gallay, Alan. The Indian Slave trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. Print. Jordan, Dan and Michael Walsh. White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America. New York: New York University Press, 2008. Print. Shifflett, Crandal. Selected Virginia Statutes Related to Slavery . Virtual Jamestown 2007. Web. Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America. New York: Penguin, 2001. Print.

Resume and Outline of Future Achievement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resume and Outline of Future Achievement - Essay Example Special Skills Currently without special certifications or skills that can be applied to the workforce as a means of acquiring gainful employment. However, I possess noted strengths of attention to detail, thoroughness, and dedication that will prove to be an invaluable resource to the employer that might seek to utilize me for my services. Part 2: Projected Resume Education: Graduate of high school with honors form Saudi Secondary Education System Graduate of the University of Flint Michigan Bachelor of Science in Accounting with Summa cum laude 3.75/4.0 GPA Training Internship at Kawasaki during summer program of senior year provided me with the exceptional tools that I needed in order to understand the integration of business services to a more full and complete degree. The internship served as an exceptional training program that allowed me to engage with the stakeholders in the field and understand the way in which accounting practices could be used to motivate action with regar ds to advertising and marketing campaigns; specifically designed to coincide with sales events and special offers. Special Skills Currently I am engaging in an ongoing certification process to become a CPA. Although this process will take a great deal of time, it is my belief that this special skill will work together with the other skills that I have come to exhibit over the course of my studies and allow me to adequately engage the realities of a complex business environment and the challenges that it is likely to provide. As a direct result of my high class standing and the accolades I have received, the special skills that I have to offer are concentric upon ensuring that a high level of output and a high quality of output is derived from all of the activities that I take part in. Part III: Outline of Future Achievement From the information that has thus far been presented, the final section of this piece will be concentric upon providing something an outline with regard to how I will seek to leverage the strengths and skills that have thus fra been denoted as a means of reaching my ultimate goal. My experience in mechanics has equipped me well to understand the dynamics of the way in which engines operate. From an early age I was motivate to help my father in his firm in my native Saudi Arabia. The firm itself, Alshref, provides services and medications to yachts, motorboats, and jet skis. Upon coming to the United States, my interest in engine technology and modification did not leave. Instead, I modified two of the cars that I owned and was ultimately able to get over 1200 horsepower out of both of these vehicles. The ability to focus on my studies as well as engage with a hobby that is related to the field that I am interested in pursuing provides a compelling outline for how I will seek to continue my education and training as a means of providing a valuable addition to Alshref at such a time as my father believes I will make a suitable contribution t o the business. As an indication of the future growth and profitability of the firm, it can and should be noted that between 2006 to 2009 the company was not very large; as such, it used to make $3,000,000 a year. However, it currently grosses over 7,500,000 per year. In the same way, between 2006 and 2009, the firm only boasted 24 employees; whereas it currently boasts over 40. As a family owned business, my brothers and I have the option to continue this business venture and take it over once my father retires. As such, my ultimate goal is to further the needs and industry relevance of this particular firm once I graduate. Although it may seem as something unrelated, my interests in accounting and my passion for mechanical

EGT2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

EGT2 - Essay Example We can also say that as the income of a consumer will increase, he will consume less of those goods The coefficient of Cross-price elasticity helps us determine whether the good is complementary or substitute to one another and if the elasticity has negative sign it means that the goods are complementary. Where as if the goods are strong substitutes to each other then there will be a positive sign(this can be easily understand from the example given in part A that there is a positive relationship between price of Pepsi and quantity demand of coke). Similarly, when the elasticity is POSITIVE it means it is a normal good (luxury good). As your income will increase you will demand more branded goods. Instead of a normal coffee you would like to enjoy coffee from Starbucks, designer dresses and Rolex watches. The coefficient of income elasticity for inferior good is always negative. (As income and quantity demand moves in opposite direction). And positive for normal goods (income and quantity demand moves in same direction) All above elasticity of demand plays a significant role in understanding the behavior of consumer or individual under each scenario. We can also predict a possible outcome with the changes in either of the determinant. If the substitute for a particular product is open to a consumer, then the demand would be elastic which means that the increase in price of product ‘A’ will decrease its quantity demanded and people will be willing to consume more of the substitute good as it is cheaper than product ‘A’ and also provides equal utility and vice versa. We know that there is always a positive relationship between price of one good and quantity demanded of the substitute good. Hence if price of a good ‘A’ increases then the quantity demand of its substitute will also increase. The larger is the share of consumer’s budget to a particular good,

Learning and Memory Paper Essay Example for Free

Learning and Memory Paper Essay Human memory has been a significant interest concerning how people develop memory and process memory. Researchers and educators are diligently interested on the neuroanatomical neural processes related to learning and the current literature, neuroanatomical and neural processes related to memory and the current literature. In addition, the relationship between learning and memory form functional perspective. Researchers discuss the reasons learning and memory are interdependent, and have performed testing through case studies using animal studies because they are most useful and replicable studies for understanding the learning-to-memory-link. The examples from research help researchers with solving the mystery of the memory processes. Researchers discuss the importance of lifelong learning and brain stimulation to longevity and quality of life to obtain knowledge and how the human individual develops their capabilities to obtain memory and how memory can affect human behaviors. To understand the functional relationship between learning and memory we must first define what both learning and memory is. Learning is described as â€Å"the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by being taught† (Merriam-Webster, 2011). While â€Å"Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present† (Sternberg, 1999). Therefore, as one can tell memory is essential to all of our lives. Without a memory of the past, we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we have done today or what we plan to do tomorrow. Without memory, we could not learn anything. Learning and Memory are linked to cognitive abilities in both humans and animals. A well-known example to show the relationship between learning and memory is the classic rat in maze. Rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the 20th century. Thousands of studies have examined how rat’s run different types of mazes, from T-maze to radial arm mazes to water mazes. These maze studies are used to study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. Today, mazes are used to determine whether different treatments or conditions affect learning and memory in rats. To take a step further, According to Kolata al, 2005 case study the tasks that comprise the learning battery (e.g., Lashley lll maze, passive avoidance, spatial water maze, order discrimination, fear conditioning) were explicitly chosen so that each one places unique sensory, motor, motivational, and information processing demands on the animals. Briefly, performance in the Lashley lll maze depends on animals’ use of fixed motor patterns (egocentric navigation) motivated by a search for food. Passive avoidance is an operant conditioning paradigm in which the animals must learn to be passive in order to avoid aversive light and noise stimulation. The spatial water maze encourages the animals to integrate spatial information to efficiently escape from a pool of water. Odor discrimination is a task in which animals must discriminate and use a target odor to guide their search for food. Finally, fear conditioning (assessed by behavioral freezing) is a conditioning test in which the animals learn to associate a tone with a shock. We reported a positive correlation between the aggregate performance of individual outbred mice in the learning battery described above and their subsequent ability to accommodate competing demands on their spatial working memory capacity. Specifically, we observe that when mice required performing in two arm mazes concurrently (a manipulation intended to place demands on working memory capacity), their performance in the target maze positively correlated with their general learning abilities. These results are suggestive of a relationship between working memory capacity and general learning abilities in mice. Memory is the process by which information is saved as knowledge and retained for further use as needed. Neuroanatomy, is the study of a particular nerve and are located, or rather memory is stored diffusely through the structures of the brain that particularly in its original state. There are four neural structures that play a role in memory. For example, (1) hippocampus and (2) perirhinal cortex have roles in spatial and object memory and (3) the mediodorsal nucleus and (4) the basal forebrain are implicated in memory. The medial temporal lobe memory system, is part of the system for memory in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), this neural system consists of the hippocampus and adjacent anatomically related cortex, including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. According to (Squire, Larry R.: Zola-Morgan, Stuart, 1991,)†These structures are essentially for establishing long-term memory for facts and events (declarative memory). The MTL memory system is needed to bind together the distrusted storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory. However, the role of this system is only temporary.†P1. When time goes on after learning, our memory stored in neocortex slowly and eventually becomes independent of MTL structures. Rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the 20th century. Thousands of studies have examined how rat’s run different types of mazes, from T-maze to radial arm mazes to water mazes. These maze studies are used to study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. Today, mazes are used to determine whether different treatments or retrieval is established, encoding processes that initiate priming and explicit memory have not yet been anatomically separated, and we investigate then using event related functional magnetic resonance imaging. According to (Schott, Bjorn H.: Richardson-Klavehn, Alan; Henson Richard N. A; Becker, Christine; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Duzel, Emrah, 2006,)†Activations precedicting later explicit memory occurred in the bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) and left prefrontal cortex (PFC). Activity predicting later priming did not occur in these areas, but rather in the bilateral extrastriate cortex, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral inferior PFC, areas linked with stimulus identification,† P 2. However, these areas showed response reductions, and researchers results, illustrated that priming and explicit memory have distinctive functional neuroanatomies concerning encoding with MTL activations being strictly for explicit memory, and influence that priming is initiated by sharpness of neural responding in stimulus identification areas, that are consistent with recent electrophysiological evidence regarding priming related neural oscillations at encoding. Lifelong learning and brain stimulation are essential to mental and physical health, especially in old age. Throughout life, learning is what allows us to adapt to new situations, and learn how to survive and thrive in our current environment at any given time. As we learn, our brain becomes more active, taking in new information and comparing it with old. The new data is either corroborated by the old, or there is a conflict, at which point we must use judgment to determine which information we should keep and what we should discard. Learning can never stop, or it would mean the end of growth, and possibly the end of life, for an individual. Our environment changes every day, and new stimuli are encountered. Even if we have knowledge of what cars and streets are, and know how to practice safety when they are near, we are presented with new combinations and variables on these constructs every day. We must constantly assess the people and places around us, analyze them, and apply any new information to what we already know. This process, some would argue, is what makes us alive, intelligent creatures at the top of our ecological food chain. As for quality of life, very little is more important than keeping the brain active. As we age, the brain and its synaptic processes slow down and decay. Older people are more prone to dementia and other degenerative diseases. Working word puzzles or simply keeping a part time job to occupy the brain and keep it active and learning can extend the quality of life for any aging individuals, doing the same thing, while young can have the same effect. Our mental health is tied closely to our survival and our quality of living. If we can keep our brain learning, it can stay active and alert much longer than if we sit in front of screens and stop learning early in life. Human memory has been a significant interest concerning how people develop memory and process memory. From inspirational design in testing using animals, such a mice and mice being the greater source of exp erimental advances in research in the investigation of memory and human subject use. Researchers have unfolded how memory is developed, through the experiments of these subjects. Although, there is still much more investigation greed towards how memory effects how we learn, to how we store memory and process memory. We must continue the investigation; whereas so many people suffer memory dysfunctions; due to human illnesses and diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, brain damage and learning process needs. Bio-psychologist, work closely with other fields of psychology, biological factors and psychological factors that play a role in the memory processes. Learning can be defined as the process in which one’s experiences are combined into memory. One type of the traditional learning is school learning; this is done by incorporating textbook facts in which is called declarative memory. Not only does one have declarative memory, but also learning of procedural memories. Declarative memory is an explicit memory, a type of long-term memory in which one will store memories of fact (Psychology Glossary). Having memories of things, such as when Columbus sailed to America or on what day and time your baby brother was born, one has declarative memories. Procedural memory is the most basic form of memory. For example, this type of memory is used for procedures or furthermore the basic associations between stimuli and responses (Psychology Glossary). Having the memory of riding a bike is an example of procedural memory. Once an individual has learned what the proper procedure for riding a bike, it is then stored within the procedural memory. The limbic system actually focuses on the frontal lobe and the hippocampus. This system communicates by shooting of the electrical impulses in one’s neurons (Morin 2009). The neurons then become accountable for the storing of information. Brain plasticity refers to the ability for nerve cells to change through new experiences. These neurons take the information when an individual has been exposed to the stimulus to be learned. The retrieving of information is somewhat of a different process, however still maintains some of the same comparisons. Retrieving information becomes an activity of â€Å"re-activating† of those neurons. For both the long-term memory and the short-term memory these types of memories are then stored into many different places. The long-term memory process ensures that an individual will store these memories permanently (Morin 2009). This includes the changes to the cell structure and the creation of the new and unused synapses. Synapses are the junction between the neurons where a neural cell will communicate with a target cell. This is done when translating stimuli into a storage system that is used by the brain, linking the encoded stimuli in the memory and then accessing the memory of the stimuli at the time when it is needed, otherwise known as encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. REFERENCES Kolata, S., Light, K., Townsend, D.A., Hale, G., Grossman, H.C., Matzel, L.D. (2005) Variations in working memory capacity predict individual differences in general learning abilities among genetically diverse mice. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 84:241–246. Learning. 2011. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved Jan 16, 2013, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/learning Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Cognitive psychology (2 nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Neuroanatomical Dissociation of Encoding Processes Relater to Priming and Explicit Memory. By: Schott, Bjorn H.: Richardson-Klavehn, Alan; Henson, Richard N. A.: Becker, Christine; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Duzel, Emrah. Journal of Neuroscience. 1/18/2006, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p792-800, 9p. 5 The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System Squire, Larry R.; Zola-Morgan, Stuart Science, Vol. 253(5026), Sep 1991, 1380-1386. doi: 10.1126/science. 1896849 Fernandez, A. (2007). Brain Exercise and Lifelong Learning for Alzheimers Prevention Alzheimer Disease. Article Directory Find, Search, Reprint Submit Articles for Free. Retrieved November 02, 2010, from http://www.articlesphere.com/Article/Brain- Exercise-and-Lifelong-Learning-for-Alzheimer-s-Prevention/94361 Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental Exercise and Mental Aging. Evaluating the Validity of the Use It or Lose It Hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 68-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00005.x Morin, Chrisophe; September 14, 2009 The Neural Basis of Learning Psychology Glossary; www.alleydog.com