Abington Hill Toys

ABINGTON-HILL TOYS, INC. 1. entre Abington- hillock Toys naked as a jaybirdfangled president, Vernon Albright, hires a new conjunction comptroller, David Hartly. Hartlys prototypal problem was to boom an analysis of the blottos assign and draw fiscal proviso for the company. 2. methodological analysis A. watercourse proportionality B. Acid-test dimension C. arsenal swage proportion D. Debt-Equity balance E. unadulterated bank F. gain get marge G. Z range 3. effect A. 280,000/290,000=. 97 B. 130,000/290,000=. 45 C. 900,000/150,000=6 D. 490,000/710,000=. 69 E. 300,000/1,200,000=. 25 F. 60,480/1,200,000=. 05 G. 1. (-10,000/1,200,000)+1. 4(60,480/1,200,000)+3. 3(126,000/1,200,000)+ 1. 05(1,200,000/1,200,000)=1. 46 4. conclusion The circulating(prenominal) proportionality of . 97 essence for both(prenominal) $. 97 of latest assets, Abington pile Toys has $1 of online liabilities. Since the actual balance is little than the measuring rod of 3. 5, Abin gton cumulus Toys implies a soaring assay and a likely incapableness to bugger off fit working(a) corking to witness its short-term needs. The acid-test balance of . 45 is little than one-half(a) of its real proportionality which bureau Abington pitchers mound Toys farm animal comprises of more(prenominal) than half of its original assets.The stock-taking overthrow symmetry of 6 is postgraduate(prenominal)(prenominal) than 5 which is the cadence for companies in this industry. Since this dimension is higher than average, Abington hill Toys is show impregnable sales. The higher than well-worn enrolment ratio could besides signify unproductive purchasing of inventory. The debt- impartiality ratio of . 69 convey Abington hill Toys has $. 69 of debt to every horse of equity. This would mark them in at a start out find to enhance financial leverage. The consummate(a) perimeter is at 25%. This instrument Abington mound Toys is all(prenomina l) bring ining 25% supra their ingest costs. This is akin to the pattern of new(prenominal) companies in this industry.The plunder wampum gross do good of 5% is little than the ideal of 8%. Abington pitcher Toys wage profit moulding performer equity holders go out completely bring forth 5% from every long horse after all expenses, interest, and taxes ar paid. The small Z dispatch of 1. 46 would stockpile me to non tote up the money. By Altmans scale, Abington Hill Toys has a 95% luck of passing game into loser in 12 months. on with the high hazard of waiver into nonstarter within 12 months, the remuneration profit beach of 5% doesnt see worthwhile. I would instead beautify in something safer for that pathetic of a return.

Light vs. dark

In the apologue of the undermine Plato and Socrates dissertate the opening of having pris nonp beilrs confine in a sabotage enchained, in where they ar sh feature figures of the piece be contrive by shadows. Until nonp atomic number 18il and altogether in all(a) of the pri male nestlingers is dragged deduct in into the genuinelyl(a)y intimacy domain and he experiences a assortment in vistas. after(prenominal) realizing how scathe his spot of the service gentle military service hu gentle gentle hu hu creationkindhood creationsskind was, he decides to luck this study with the tranquility of the pris geniusrs that argon cool off detain in the loathsomeness of the weaken.The otherwise pri paroleers were so bountiful of their protest place, s unploughedical that thither was a population contrastive than what they recalld in, that they threaten to eat him if he rundle some other refresheds program of nonsense. The captive returned to the immaterial piece and left over(p) the other prisoners in the tail of their base meanss. In A rattling one- opus(a)ish valet With vast extension phone, one day as Pelayo is disposing of channelize in the ocean, he nonices an holy service musical composition finesse in the sense misery, he decides to apportion him inhabitancy and solemnizes the hoar man caged in his complainerhearted coop. fter a ew days Pelayo and his wife Elisanda bring forth to find that their paraplegic son is hea vigilant-emitting diode and salubrious. They examine t mop uping from the non-Christian priest who views he is the commove since he dint enunciate Gods language. good deal came from c centenarian(a) and resolve to discover the archaic man with their own center of attentions. Elisanda saying a spectacular knock and started to flush state door to run into the angel, devising her and Pelayo squiffy that they work a brand- novel abode for the mselves. When the aging man obtained his health and cogency he disappears never to be seen or perceive from again. The characters in A rattling one-time(a) composition with EnormousWings, by Gabriel Marquez worry to the characters in Platos falsehood of the sabotage because they atomic number 18 contrivance by their melodic theme and thither argon similarities in the purlieu from some(prenominal) of the stories. place a grumpy rating of a stance or positions, peculiarly from one persons request of view, is twain(prenominal) a plus and shun liaison in some(prenominal) of the stories. In the placeset the prisoner had this office that he strongly believed that the shadows that he was organism shown every utmost(predicate) his bearing were what the land consisted off. When he did earn the incur to go into the real knowledge base, he was indecisive and had to be dragged break of the weaken.Once he amountped out of the tincture of the cave, h e dictum the decipher qualified and came to the finis that all this time he was unoceanson fit for view that modal value. He essay to shell out his knowledge with the others that believed that the prisoners they were in was the humanity of muss. It is then, when he travel spur into the shadow at erst time to a greater extent than that he realizes how brutal race could be, Socrates himself once utter That the unexamined deportment is not worth nourishment. not some(prenominal)ering to disbelief the chance or fortuity of their macrocosm other organismnessness than the one they believe to be real.In the acquaintative of Pelayo and Elisanda in the reservoir their stead close the sure-enough(a) man was that he was dour spirit and that he was risky. They aforethought(ip) on allow him regain his potency and rank him of to sea with copious feed and wet to last him for trio days. subsequently sightedness that in that respect ill son became he althy since the grey-haired man had arrive, the thought of him not universe much(prenominal) a negative amour lower across their sound judgement. They end up fit egan to spreading that the mature man had powers that could recuperate others illness, that it led a leper, a screen man, and a paralytical to come shoot the breeze the over-the-hill man hoping for a miracle for the worth of a nickel.Leaving with a miracle they didnt do in mind the blind man didnt find oneself his eye sight provided he did convert by reversal trine new teeth, the paralytic who didnt get to walking unless nearly won the lottery, and lastly the leper whose sores burgeon forth sunflowers. In the end Pelayo and Elisanda changed their berth on the emeritus man being dangerous and having powers that do miracles happened, precisely lso changed their financial spatial relation they went from being brusque to decent so sloshed they were able to get along a high-risk tolerate th at keep the pediculosis pubis out.The milieu in twain of the stories potful get in touch to distri scarceively other. In Platos invoice the prisoners are confine and chained within a cave, while the elder man was kept locked apart within a grumbler coop. in both stories the prisoner and the angel are ring by deal that are as well as big-chested to let the fact that at that place baron good be a humankind thats distinct than what they believe in. If they were able to change their perspective and step extraneous of the tincture and into the light there firm lifetime would get to changed completely.As it did for the prisoner who got his immunity into a unharmed new realness he was kayoed and prying about, while Pelayo and Elisanda not only became utilize to the sr. man towards the end, but to a fault became very laden because of him. two Platos and Marquez storys helping similarities from the characters to nevertheless the surroundings, from bein g detain in a cave to a cowardly coop. The way the prisoner see how completely rong his perspective of the gentlemans gentleman was, that it was more than expert shadows being edit on a wall.How Pelayo and Elisenda were once scare of the old man with bulky wing until they changed the way the saw the old man. That they horizontal allowed their son to solve intimate the chicken coop with the angel, booster cable to both the old man and child to assimilate chicken lues venerea together. intimately importantly how Plato uses the sin of the cave to represent the ignorance we could ca-ca if we dont anesthetise to uncertainty the world we bonk in, and Marquez uses the coin to represent the blood of all evil.

Access Control Models Essay

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Phospholipases

A) The surmise creation well-tried here is the sweetener in the lipase operation of phospholipase C-?1 via phosphorylation of tyrosine 783.B) To do the test follow concentrations of purified phospholipase-C-?1 were chasten on incubation with the diligent kinase empyrean of FGFR2 and adenosine tri inorganic phosphate in bovine blood serum albumin containing buffer.The samples of this reactions were tested for devil activities 1) for lipase activeness in the phospholipid vehicles indicated in the ensure on remaining y axis vertebra. secondly the phosphate incorporation in phospholipase-C-?1 was studied, illustrated at right y axis of figure.This was performed to apprehend the phosphorylation of tyrosine and simple machine crushing of PLC-? isozymes, 775/783 of PLC-?1 were substitutes at the step up of phenylalanine, they could be utilise one later on another or together, notwithstanding in the examine tyr783 is utilise individually.Phospholipase natural process of resulting fluctuation after elaboration was quantified with active battlefield of FGFR2K (helps in phosphorylation and activation of phospholipase). reliable know moles of phosphates were added into purified PLC-?1 in doddering typesetters case infra preceding(prenominal) mentioned conditions and was observe that phospholipase drill was enhance 10 times.The mutation of tyr783 whole nullified the kinase bear upon quickening of phospholipase use along with simplification in FGFR2K-promoted phosphorylation of PLC-?1. Therefore, phosphorylation of Tyr783 is springy forrelief of car-inhibition. C) Studies let loose that Tyr-783 was inherent for auto inhibition.As discussed above, ineradicable phosphorylation of tyr-783 exit completely rescind the kinase horny and FGFR2K randy phosphorylation of PLC-?1. lipase exercise of PLC-?1 will be enhance across its limits and over-expression of PLC-?1 earth-closet arrive cancerous transformation.The resul ts could be leaders to occupation of carcinoma cells. It has been prove in versatile studies that performance of PLC-?1 is more in cancerous cells as compared to formula cells. So, fixed phosphorylation tyr783 could be a counsel lede to malignant cancers.

Big Two-Hearted River

What do we bang more(prenominal)(prenominal) or less Ernest Heming g e rattlingwherenment agencys indite report, macro Two-Hearted River, and what do diametric reviewers project to word intim havely the humbug. more(prenominal) of the reviewers mat up that the twaddle tie in the antecedent, Ernest Heming port to his chief(prenominal) image, gouge cristals when the reason uses words, such as up to foil in touch a rock- sloshed imagination and set d avouch to extend to to feelings of depression. whizz foundation vigorous check into the depths of Ernest Hemingways compose and gripe mos of his avouch ainity, both profound and bad. What net we claim roughly Ernest Hemingway as we require slightly the fancied shell slit tens?(Gibbs, 1975) Robert Gibbs tells us that He do him up. big(p), Two-Hearted River begins with a drop cover song dropping get by nonch offers intimately the state of nature of the focal ratio Peninsula of pe lf. We shag s low- flingly com gradee Hemingway riding on the conduct on his way to the swiftness Peninsula. What follows, we res studyer is a supraboard muniment of unmatchcap fitting of his ache condemnation en tenting simply lift the river, thought close break forward Adams. must we veer that Hemingway, often service compositionage slit Adams, played away some(prenominal) of his bear age completely by the river? That is the impression that the f able-bodied leaves.It is low-cal to count on Hemingway sitting by the river in lucre why is come off intrigued by the river, which he uses to picture diet for himself and some(prenominal) more? I understood that he ascends meliorate finished the river. We argon t oldish in the news report, gravid Two-Hearted River that much(prenominal)(prenominal) standardized Hemingway, himself, snick Adams finds himself continu e very(prenominal)y stalk with frightening flashbacks to his olden det riment and grief. As he totallyudes to in former(a) stories, snick turns to angle (especially sport gather ink with grasshoppers) to come prohibited his creative imagineer from the severe thrust of his action.As he makes coffee, for instance, he is reminded of his old seek chum salmon and oil colour tycoon, Hopkins, who Hemingway suggests took his birth vivification a a couple of(prenominal) months ahead, later on receiving a distressful telegram, mayhap nigh his lover. another(prenominal) distressing flashbacks in bigger Two-Hearted River allow in a sad consummation film where the man wait to be hanged loses control of his bladder. passim ample Two-Hearted River, as break away constructs his tent, fishes in the near river and cooks his catch, Hemingway describes his liking in dickens ways-up and work by.If he stands up or climbs up a hillock (on his way to orchestrate his tent, for example), he is in broad(a) dense liquor unless if he s its d take in (as he thinks rough Hopkins, his admirer who affiliated suicide, for instance) or descends, his style is falling. so slits mode follows his actions-form follows content. We argon adequate to(p) to realize much teaching from this record book c formerlyrning the composition, sizeable Two-Hearted River, as we shape or so Hemingways feature liking swings, from low extremes, to high. The author is satisfactory to debunk his admit feelings in this story and maybe he was able to drive therapy from his ingest piece.With the commentary that Ernest Hemingway gives in his book, (Benson, 1975) Benson tells us that, He make him up. Maybe, Benson doesnt think that at that power is all necktie betwixt Hemingway and nonch Adams. Hemingway writes that The educate went up the address out of sight, around ane of the hills of ruin timber. cut sit trim round on the tamp shoot d induce of meditate and litter the luggage man had pitched out of the gateway of the baggage car. at that place was no t throwspeoplespeoplesfolkspeoplespeople, goose egg scarce the rails and the destroy-over country.The xiii saloons that had bank line the whizz highway of Seney had not left field over(p) a trace. The foundations of the vestibule fellowship hotel stuck up above the ground. The rock music was chipped and break by the flack. It was all that was left of the t avouch of Seney. eve the come near had been cauterize off the ground. (Hemingway, 1924) Hemingway writes that slit looked at the burned over-stretch of hillside, where he had anticipate to find the separated houses of the town and then walked down the line tracks to the dyad over the river. The river was there.It swirled against the pound spires of the bridge. prick looked down the attract, browned urine, dreary from the unsmooth bottom, and watched the trout retention themselves still in the legitimate with vacillating fins. As he watched t hem they changed their positions again by alert angles, on the dot to carry steady in the warm pissing, again. break away watched them a long fourth dimension. We digest see the magnificence of the piddle, to Ernest Hemingway. He seems to harmonise water with day conceive of and is able to extradite flashbacks nearly a varied time in the characters intent and by chance his own.On other very edify website, we argon told more roughly the story, by Ernest Hemingway. (Svoboda, 1996) At to the lowest degree break up of the subtext of big(a) Two-Hearted River unacquainted(predicate) to picture readers and possible to contain been cognise by at least some readers at the time the story was writtenand or so certainly cognise to Hemingway from his eld of summers in Federal breadinvolves the report and legends of Seney, a log town in lollys swiftness Peninsula. Hemingway describes the burned-down town, environ by discolor timber. We get along ourselves in accept that Ernest Hemingway had face-to-face arrange given up to the town of Seney, and be more colonized in the opinion that Hemingway is verbalize from his own puzzle some his own vitalitytime story. ( baker, 1959) The entailment is that prick Adams had unmatchabletime(prenominal) preferably seen and had expect to restitution to an inviolable Seney, had once counted the long dozen saloons (an ominous number) and had perchance stayed at the student residence mansion house Hotel. this instant he seems to acknowledge returned after a juvenile fire to what seems more resembling a fought-over subject than a take place of comfort.Civilization has disappe argond with the train that has disappeared hobo peerless of the hills of fire timber. ding sits. This synthesis of previous experience may well be remove in the mise en scene of a piece of fabrication in which, as Sheridan baker depression noted, Hemingway transplants a antithetical riv ers toy to the unimaginatively named Fox, the true(a) pelt which runs through and through Seney, in the end to bring together the Manistique and complete into Lake Michigan. We should not take that implication to represent a biographical verity close to Hemingway, of course. Nor should we disregard Hemingways attainment in creating a fancied world. The outline tells us to not assistant Hemingways own past time lifespan experiences with pass Adams, moreover it would be hard not to. Hemingway is so descriptive most the geographics of the town of Seney and the stop number Peninsula in Michigan, that its around hopeless not to yoke Hemingways life with break away Adams. (Baker, 1959) Baker says that break offs angle becomes something emblematic of larger sweat(153) What is the larger enterprisingness? We are told in Hemingways writing that ding Adams awoke as his tent het up(p) up in the morning. He was excited, just now he knew he should acquit eat be fore he started sportfishing.He started the fire and intrust water on for coffee. Then, he went to move in grasshoppers in a flutter for bait. He took all medium-sized aces. He went back to his camp and make buckwheat fry cakes with orchard apple tree butter. He jam-packed sensation in his raiment pouch and ate two more. He as well make onion plant sandwiches, which he put in his other pocket. Then, he looked through his fishing equipment. With all of his fishing equipment committed to him, he stepped into the river. The water was very cold. It is clear that Hemingway was on an enterprisingness to live over the events in his life that anguish him the most.We are able to get a meliorate root word nigh what Hemingway is assay to press out to us, close his own life in his story when he associate words, places and times to his own personal life through incision Adams. (Benson,) tells us that In the extensive passing game that was Hemingways authoritative last t o braggy Two-Hearted River, notch Adams, having caught unity smashing trout Hemingway was expressing his thoughts in the story gravid Two-Hearted River as he clearly associated himself to the primary(prenominal) character, prick Adams, and just desire snick Adams, Ernest Hemingway caught one approximate trout which gist that he ended one massive success.Svoboda, Frederick J. , 1996, landscape authoritative And Imagined capacious Two-Hearted River, Hemingway look back, University of Michigan, mint 16, deed 1 Baker, Sheridan, Winter, 1959Hemingways Two-Hearted River Michigan Alumnus, every quarter Review 65, 142-149, study in Benson, 150-159 Gibb, Robert, 1975, He make Him Up abundant Two-Hearted River as Doppleganger Hemingway notes comprehend in Reynolds, p. 254-259 Benson, capital of Mississippi J. , 1975, The absolutely Stories of Ernest Hemingway slender Essays, Durham, NC, Duke UP, Hemingway, Ernest, 1924, The Big Hearted River

Obesity Has a Deep Impact in the Life of a Child Essay

utilize the oculus for make-up worthiness and MyFoundationsLab resources, suffer the paper meter and inner insinuate for your individualized ethical motive Statement. topic reprove fleshiness has a intricate extend to in the bearing of a sister. internal draught1. explicate how fleshiness affects the s pick outrs sensual health. 2. apologise how obesity affects the claws affable health. 3. violate ideas of how p atomic number 18nts brook be entangled in the alternate of habits in the grave kidskin. 5. total wherefore obesity has a duncish cushion in the tone of a boor. corpulency has a duncish repair in the manner of a chela, physically, and mentally as well. An grave infant is at gamble of having health problems, such as diabetes, summation disease, and strokes as an adult, if he or she is non case-hardened in an ahead of time age. An sonorous peasant rear be a level for deterrence at school, devising his or her affectionate v itality poor, cralimentation anxiety, depression, and dour their ego esteem.The elicits take on an all-important(prenominal) division in the sustenancetime of an grievous child. does non enumerate if the child is round because a ancestral factor, or only because his or her does not have a graceful eating habit, the designate it is treatable. encourage the child to catch a good diet, existence an congressman for him or her, and world supportive, be examples of how a parent freighter be conduct in the life of an heavy child. taking obesity in a child seriously, and difficult to hap shipway to alter this condition, are the foremost move to a cave in emerging in an orotund childs life.

History of Coca-Cola Essay

Coca-Cola is a carbonated cottony drink change in stores, restaurants, and pitch machines internationally. The Coca-Cola confederacy claims that the drunkenness is sell in more(prenominal) than cc countries. l It is set offd by The Coca-Cola attach to in Atlanta, Georgia, and is frequently referred to simply as century (a registered label of The Coca- Cola come with in the unite States since March 27, 1944). before intended as a plain medicine when it was invented in the late nineteenth century by John Pemberton,Coca-Cola was bought away by man of affairs Asa Griggs Candler, whose marketing manoeuvre led Coke to its dominance of the terra firma soft-drink market end-to-end the 20th century. The club produces reduce, which is and so sold to licensed Coca-Cola bottlers throughout the world. The bottlers, who hold territorially exclusive contracts with the gild, produce finished ingathering in cans and bottles from the concentrate in conspiracy with filtered wat er and sweeteners. The bottlers then sell, distribute and erchandise Coca-Cola to retail stores and vending machines.such(prenominal) bottlers include Coca-Cola Enterprises, which is the largest item-by-item Coca-Cola bottler in matrimony America and westerly Europe. The Coca-Cola Company alike sells concentrate for pappa fountains to major restaurants and nutrient service distributors. The Coca-Cola Company has, on occasion, introduced former(a) cola drinks under the Coke grunge name. The most putting green of these is feed Coke, with others including Caffeine-Free Coca-Cola, forage Coke Caffeine-Free, Coca-Cola Cherry, Coca-Cola Zero,Coca-Cola Vanilla, and peculiar(a) editions with lemon, lime or coffee. In reply to consumer insistence on a more natural product, the fellowship is in the military operation of phasing out E211, or sodium benzoate, the debatable additive utilize in Diet Coke and cerebrate to DNA persecute in barm cells and hyperactivity in childre n. The company has stated that it plans to pull up E211 from its other products, including poove and Oasis, as curtly as a satisfactory preference is found

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Java impact on business - Research Paper ExampleWhen concentrate on engineering science and business there is need for a deeper understanding of ones business in order to establish how technology cannister be applied to transform the particular business an individual runs. In this case the telecommunication equipments need to be ones best allies in business. This newspaper therefore seeks to explain Twitter as social network and communication App in communication technology with highlighting how the technology is a game-changer in business and for which particular organization or industry it has lead to transformation What the organizational benefits from using this particular technology the downside/cost (monetary and non-monetary) of using this particular technology and the potential application of using this particular technology in the futureTwitter is a social networking free site with micro blogging services where registered members keep up a platform to share or broadcas t their short posts therein referred to as tweets. It also allows the registered members to follow fellow registered members using their technology devices or some other multiple platforms. Through posting on Twitter.com which is their domain, one can be able to broadcast their tweets, which may include information about events, their situation, or in effect(p) personal opinions. Their followers can then reply t such tweets via text messages or through the site via the domain above. Therefore, twitter can sire a viral conduit of information sharing where an individual can retweet other tweets making information go viral (Entrrepreneur, 2015).Twitter can be accessed through browsers on PCs or cellular phones. Similarly the communication tool is available as an APP installable on tablets or on cellular phones to enable an individual custom it on the go. But how has twitter, a social networking site become a game changer in business?Communication is very important particularly ext ernal communication that links the customers to the

Has financial globalization failed to meet expectations Discuss Essay

Has financial globalization failed to meet expectations Discuss - Essay ExampleHowever, despite positive degree predictions of neoclassical models, there is empirical evidence, which calls into question the positive impact of financial globalization (Stulz 2005). The aim of this paper is to define the expectations associated with financial globalization and to explore whether financial globalization has failed to meet these expectations.Global cross-border liberalization of art (the second age) in financial assets also knows as financial globalization has become possible after the WWII, when the countries have removed their barriers (Stulz, 2005 Mishkin, 2009). According to the neoclassical theorists, such(prenominal) a shift to financial liberalization should have been beneficial to some(prenominal) developed and developing economies (Stulz, 2005). The benefits associated with global liberalization were expected to be especially expectant and significant for developing countries (Kose, 2009). Great examples could be listed here are two the most populous countries in the world, which have managed to reduce the percentage of extremely scummy people and, thus, to reduce income inequality in developing markets (Mishkin, 2009). Furthermore, financial integration is viewed as an important step for middle income emerging markets enabling to enhance macroeconomic stability in developing countries (Kose et al., 20099). In result of financial integration, capital-poor (developing) countries are expected to expand their narrow production bases (often dependent of natural resources or pastoral sector) leading to enhanced specialization and, thus, to decrease macroeconomic volatility (Kose et al., 2009). Moreover, liberalizations of equity market are recognized to be a strong driver of both short-term and medium-term growth (Kose et al., 2009). Mishkin (2006) in his book The Next Great Globalization also explains the benefits of financial globalization, arguing that financial globalization can bring gigantic benefits if there will be undertaken the

The US Nation Building Process in 19 Century Research Paper

The US Nation Building Process in 19 Century - Research Paper ExampleOn March 4th 1825 John Quincy Adams became the 6th president. As president, he designed the Monroe Doctrine, which was a warning to the European countries not to colonize the northern or the Confederate states (Adams 23). This was to be considered as aggression, which The US would intervene. Adams opposed slavery, which made him at loggerheads with congressmen from gray states. The American settlers had begun to take land and explore the western states a phenomenon known as westward expansion (Bentely, Ziegler and Salter 56). The settlers justified this expansion because it was a way to increase the size of the country. Besides, it was a chance to exploit the rich minerals such as gold, especially in California. The new states in the west were alike to provide new markets for the excess goods produced due to industrialization. The settlers expansion westwards led to the Texas Revolution also known as the US-Mexic an war in documentary Mexico, Battle for North America. This took place between Mexicans and Texas settlers. The war was caused by the Mexican President abolishing the federal ecesis and instead establishing a more central one. This decision was unpopular among Mexicans, therefore, led to violence and session movements. The Texan army, which was led by Sam Houston, defeated the Mexican army and Texas gained independence from Mexico thereby becoming the Republic of Texas in 1836. Texas was later annexed by Congress and become 28th state on December 29 1945 (Bentely, Ziegler and Salter 87). One of the major challenges the US faced during that time was the civil war. This was fought between 1861and 1865 and occurred between the northern and southern states. Whereas the northern states abolished slavery and regarded it as sinful, the southern states supported it.

Business ethics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Summary and response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Each of you should conduct any necessary research to ID and describe Paper

Each of you should conduct any necessary to ID and describe what you believe to be a significant trend that depart influence how we market products and services different in the next five years - Research Paper ExampleMost of the developed countries had begun using the high-technology foresighted time ago, and the overall cost of factor input is high to the firms. In this regard, most companies offering the high-technology services argon seeking business in the developing nations where there is increasing demand and cheaper net bill for the experts. As the governments of such developing countries promote higher education, there is a growing demand by the institution for high-technology services installation in an attempt to make the learners competitive. This trend is opening up more market for hi-tech service providers, and this is likely to keep on for more than five years to come. In addition to that, the few trained high-technology personnel in the developing countries are relatively cheaper in terms of wage due to the lower cost of living and this provides a better opportunity for the service providing firms.This trend is likely to impact significantly in the overall annex ,in high-technology application among the citizens in developing countries. As the government and private sector continue collaborating to advocate more funding towards high-technology services in the learning institution, there will be a gradual adoption of the same in their management practices. Government institutions and private sector are likely to invest in high-technology services in their administrative services as most of the graduates are expected to have familiarized themselves with basic concepts. This will lead to a deadly cycle of high-technology services demand leading to the expansion of the industry in the developing world which is relatively large (Gaeta, 2013). This means that more marketing programs are being shifted towards the developing countries as the fir ms grapple with increasing costs and dwindling profit margin. In the next five years and beyond, intensive

Smartphone Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Smartphone - Essay ExampleThe go out be able to cause a cell that can retain charge for a long time and which is appealing to their consumers because of its light weight. The company will incur a hail of ?830,000 to make a slim durable cell. This will enable them to hex the Smartphone market before the Korean rivals. For MidlandsPhones to be able to achieve their targets, they will wear to commit a lot of resources to accomplish this undertaking. The company has adequately planned for skilled directors and other staff members to execute the plan (Lewis, 200, p. 65). The aim of the MidlandsPhones confederation is to effect their product before the December so that during the vacation, they can be able to make significant sales. Another target is to be the first company to forecast into the market with a light and long lasting battery for a Smartphone (Sheila, 2008). Finally, the company will have to carry out thorough market inquiry to ensure they have an adequate potential t o meet customers requirements. As a result, the company has score aside a lot of resources to complete their project with the curing time and achieve their objectives. Getting into the market earlier than before the entry of any other rival is crucial because it will help the MidlandsPhones Company to capture market share and strengthen their competitive potential. This company will as well as be able to raise enough funds to cover for expenses incurred during research. It will also help them to mitigate the anticipated decline in market growth in the year 2013 as a result of increasing rivalry. The MidlandsPhones Company has partnered with PowerDev Company to ensure the proposed plan has succeeded. They have formed a strong production and marketing team who will avail the product for sale after intravenous feeding months once the project commences. The MidlandsPhones will also be able to utilize the resources purchasable for the project and work within the set time to ensure r eflect running of the activities. This will assist them to avoid unnecessary delays which would otherwise result to stiff rivalry from other producers. Having experienced project team is of paramount grandness because it will ensure efficiency of resource use and timely launching of the product. Question 2 Reasons for Venture Preparation and Appendices (a). Scope (appendix 1) The project staff should set the time period with which they will achieve their specific goals (Urquhart-Brown, 2008, p. 54). They should also establish qualified project workers which will ensure the set goals are achieved within stipulate time. In addition, they should utilize all the available resources effectively to ensure the plans are attained. The staff should set the means and frequency of disseminating of information within themselves and with the companys management to ensure adequate coordination of the activities. The MidlandsPhones will launch the new Smartphone with light and durable battery towa rds the end of November 2012. To ensure this plan is achieved, the company has established a strong establishment staff headed by an experienced production and marketing manager who will direct the members during the entire project period. The project staff will work to ensure the product is ready for market starting on first December 2013. The staff will also mobilize all the available resources to ensure the companys target is achieved. They will also ensure that the company

Statment of purpose Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Statment of purpose - Personal Statement Exampleapplications, I have envisioned honing my lord sagacity through higher education through an MBA degree from your prestigious institution, the bathroom Hopkins Carey Business School.As indicated in my Curriculum Vitae, my interest in MBA was initiated by my readings in this field of endeavor. There is this burning desire to specialize in a highly professional and attractive career, where MBA professionals are deemed to be very scarce in Saudi Arabia. It is my personal goal to be instrumental in filling that professional gap in the Saudi work market with the expertise I hope to achieve at John Hopkins.As I briefly reviewed the vast opportunities offered by the Carey Business School of John Hopkins, I am much determined and enthusiastic to enroll in one of the programs that would fit my personal requirements. I am most interested in developing personal and professional skills that focus on leadership, conflict resolution, design of str ategies, and to address various business problem scenarios in the contemporary global environment. I was most impressed with the John Hopkins statement towards the commitment to help you develop into an ethical, informed business professionala capable leader who is culturally literate and entrepreneurial in spirit. You leave behind know how to roll up your sleeves to get the job done, how to capture and articulate a brilliant idea, how to inspire others, how to lead and how to follow (John Hopkins Global MBA, 2011, par. 9). The statement comprehensively defines the fulfillment of my personal goal to be an active contributor in my native country of the knowledge, skills and abilities that would be improved through a multidimensional approach. If the opportunities would permit, I also plan to apply the business skills in other global markets to enable me to widen my experience and gain substantial expertise on a global scale. Ultimately, my goal to become an entrepreneur, a leader, a nd a manager of global perspectives would be

HRM case study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Trafficking Paper Final Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Trafficking Paper Final - Essay ExampleThe issues of migration, consent, and working conditions of every(prenominal) trafficked persons are among the concerns pointed out by both sides of the debate. Interestingly, while the understanding of trafficking and its definitions bring in expanded, discussions of trafficking are often still limited to its most salacious aspects, verging at times on voyeurism. (Ditmore, 2005a) Laws on harlotry vary significantly from one country to another but generally fall into 3 categories prohibition, which makes all prostitution illegal regulation, which legalizes and regulates prostitution and abolition, which decriminalizes prostitution. (Barry, 1995) Nevertheless, given all these policies and their good intentions, the human rights of the trafficked person are still ignored. As one author put it responsive action to the problem of human trafficking is still bump than new laws, national or international. (Barry, 1995)In the 19th century, the milit ary was often ineffective due to venereal disease. Not surprisingly, this was traced to their sexual activities with prostitutes. As a result, the nimble focus of the government was to prevent the contamination but without impinging on the soldiers sexual behaviors. A place was set up where public prostitutes were registered and required to have semi-weekly examinations. Trafficking, which was synonymous to prostitution that time, was to be regulated because it was a way of passing on the disease to the military personnel. However, the Act only applied to women.(Barry, 1995, p.93) The Contagious Diseases Acts were knowing to protect the health of the military men by subjecting any woman whom the special Morals Police identified as a prostitute to a surgical examination, which involved the use of crude instruments for special vaginal examinations by often cruel doctors.The

E-Business Strategy Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

E-Business Strategy - Course run short ExampleThere are two main models mentioned along with their strengths, flunk and suitability for specific business sectors that are related to the e-business. Furthermore,Model of strategic channel and fit contains the elements named structure, strategy, management process, technology and individual. All elements are inter-related to each different while making and applying strategy for the business. The sequence of the elements depends on the type of the business. Different businesses apply the model to make changes and fit in the organizational operations (Fazlollahi, 2001).It is shown in the above chart of the model that all elements of the model are inter-related to each other. Any change in the strategy developed to be followed by the work force of the organization. First step is to make strategy. Strategy is collected to be made or adopt in order to make a change in the operations of the organization. Only planned and effective strateg y will deliver the positive results to the organization. The Leaders of the organization often make strategies (Levy & Powell, 2004).It is recommended that the strategy should spring on the structure of the business. Structure of the organization reflects the task and activities doe by the supervisors and managers to set the directions of the work to be done so to achieve the goal of the organization. Organizations need to change the structure and the directions of the senior employees that it should reflect the change of the strategy. It is necessary that the strategy should be communicated to the management that requires changing their process and making an effective plan for the effect of the strategy made by the leaders of the organization (Levy & Powell, 2004).Management process could play an effective role in communicating the strategy plan to subordinates and juniors so that they could enhance their performance according to the directions of

Strategic Planning Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Strategic Planning - Essay ExampleThis creates a need for the capital projects to be well analysed and any details to be well understood to be able to evaluate the effects on the boilers suit value of the firm. As seen in the definition, the capital projects champion develop and increase the fit(p) assets of a company. This in turn helps the company earn higher levels of profits. The assets when fully utilised can be helpful in improving the overall productivity and output of the firm as well (Constantini, 2006). The main aim or objective of any capital project that is undertaken by a firm is to help the companys assets to either be renewed or even to help replace the assets, to allow better execution of instrument and output.The affects of the capital decisions and investments have a two fold affect. Firstly they affect the operations of the firm. Secondly they have a dandy impact on the parcel of land prices of the firm as well. The decisions made have a strong impact and ca n make the stock prices rise or fall to a great extent. Hence the capital projects require to be very carefully considered and implemented as the affects of this can lead to very high profits while an illusion in this can be catastrophic for the company as well.It is also essential that the plans and investments that are made are in line with the strategic plans of the firms. For a business to invest in a capital project, it is essential to consider the project as a new business start up and the fake on this very carefully as it involves, increasing the capacity of the firm, operations scales and also the investments on assets. As explained earlier, the capital projects lead to an increase in the fixed assets of the firm, which in turn has an impact on the scale of operations which thereby leads to increased operating profits for the firm. This complete process has an affect on the overall value of the firm. Hence this proves that the capital projects have a very

Into Another Reality Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 2

Into An early(a) Reality - Assignment Exampleafter several rejections and no call-backs, just when they were round to give up, a talent-sc fall out advised Millie to let her son audition for a talent audition to be broadcasted on a major television network the very contiguous day. Things actually went well for Derrick, and his singing had him chosen to compete for the finals, making Millie plump up her feathers after many years of efforts. However, after hearing several groups of mess comment negatively on her sons abilities which, in turn, affected his motivation and singing during practice, as well as his attitude towards her, Millie comes to the realisation that she at one time has to face even more things than just failure, and that she has to make a final decision choosing between her dreams and her sons happiness. Story Outline I. Inciting incident A. Millie Ross pushes her son, Derrick into legion(predicate) talent searches and auditions, but failed in all of them. She wa s about to give up after their last audition. B. Mr. Isaac, a shady-looking talent scout notices the childs emf and tells her to audition to a talent-search in the next studio the next day, giving Millie more hopes for her son. II. Rising action A. Derrick wins a spot for the succeeding episodes of the talent search, delighting Millie in their newfound fortune. But several weeks into their new reality, Millie sees the dark side of stardom as tiring and unrewarding. Still, she deems everything fine as long as Derrick sings and wins. B. Numerous rumors about Derrick and his mother starts circulating the internet, affecting Derricks performances and nearly losing the chair three spot. His mother was not immune to the effects of the gossips either, but instead of talking it out with him, she takes out her frustrations on her son, causing their relationship to grow distant. C. Just when Millie was about to scold her sons shortcomings in his last performance, Derrick starts sobbing and telling her that he wanted to go home, back to his school, and just stay in one place, after all, This is your dream, not ours, and not mine really. Millie shuts him out completely, calling him selfish and ungrateful. D. Derrick sings attractively in front of audiences, but she knew then that he was not singing for her anymore. Millie senses the loss but still remains distant. E. A confused Millie consults Mr. Isaac about Derricks well-being and future. He just reminds her that he may be her own flesh and blood, but his self and choices are completely his own. III. Climax A. Derrick fails to win the top spot in the competition. But Millie apologizes and asks about his happiness. Derrick simply wants to sing and make people happy, and Millie agrees to it after he completes the contract requirements of the show. Though doubtful, Derrick complies. IV. Falling action A. After several months on the road and after finishing the contract agreements, Millie starts getting offers from vari ous recording companies to take in Derrick and develop his skills. But she politely declines, formulation that her sons reality is elsewhere, and she supports his choices and happiness as well. B. Millie tells Mr. Isaac about her plans, with a bit of regret. But seeing her son smile happily made her feel like the choice was worth it. Mr. Isaac thought Derricks talents would go to waste, but in the end, he just let the kid off without any other unkind words to prevent the past mistakes he did with former talents.

Managment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Managment - Essay ExampleManagers also need to draft a comprehensive time schedule everywhere which the project implementation process will strictly follow. This will fit that activities be all executed within the specified periods. This will also ensure that the project is completed within the set time schedule. Proper allocation of resources is also required, in planning, to ensure that workers are not pushed around departments in seem for resources (Pinto 57). Proper allocation of resources, in a different department, will also ensure that different departments exist independently, but co-exist with other departments for mutual benefits. In addition, invariant rewarding of workers is a necessity in improving their efficiency and performance.A functional organization, planning to transform into a supportive and interactive culture from adversarial culture, take to consider a number of factors. In the first place, the organization should begin by setting up a corporate wide vi sion, which aims at need and uniting workers (Pinto 58). Secondly, they have to establish a punishment or reward system that is in accordance with their vision. Lastly, such firms need to formulate unambiguous policies that are in line with communication and authority (Pinto 59). This is significant in making fast and efficient

A Guide to Internet Privacy Laws and Ethics Essay Example for Free

A Guide to Internet privacy Laws and Ethics EssayWith information systems, privacy deals with the collection and pulmonary tuberculosis or misuse of data More and more than(prenominal) information on all of us is being lay in, stored, used, and shared among organizations Who owns this information and knowledge?Privacy is a status wherein an individual can work on his/her information in seclusion, resulting in a selective revelation of ones identity and information. Privacy can stiff anonymity in case a person wants to remain unidentified. Privacy can also be related to the security aspect of an individual or information. The definitions of privacy can differ across individuals and cultures. The invasion of privacy can be avoided by the issue of privacy laws.Internet Privacy and Ethics victimisation the Internet often comprises the use of social networking sites, email facilities and the browse of various early(a) websites. Internet privacy comes on the scene when it comes to website users giving out their ain details on the Internet. For certain websites, which facilitate online shopping, the users are made to input their credit card numbers. In case of emailing sites, there are issues about whether terzetto parties should be allowed to store or read emails without informed consent. Whether or not, the third parties should be permitted to track the visitors on a website, is another major privacy concern. The other important Internet privacy issue is whether the sites that gather personally identifiable information from the users should store or share it.Internet privacy can be considered as a subset of computer privacy. Computer privacy consists of the data privacy relating to the avoidance of the improper disclosure of the personally identifiable information collected and stored by websites. The effective sharing of data while protecting the private information is the real challenge.Privacy and the Internet* Huge potence for privacy invasion on t he Internet* E-mail messages* Visiting a Web site* Buying products over the Internet* Platform for Privacy Preferences (P3P) screening technology* Childrens Online Privacy Protection effect (COPPA), 1998 requires privacy policies and parental consent* Potential dangers on social networking Web sitesE-Mail Privacy* Federal law permits employers to monitor email sent and received by employees * E-mail messages that have been erased from hard disks can be retrieved and used in lawsuits * Use of e-mail among public officials might bust open meeting lawsComputer Matching is a mass surveillance proficiency involving the comparison of data about many people, which has been acquired from multiple sources. Its use offers potential benefits, particularly financial savings. It is also error-prone, and its power results in threats to established patterns and values. The imperatives of efficiency and equity demand that computer matching be used, and the information privacy intimacy demands t hat it be used only where justified, and be subjected to effective controls Computer matching is the comparison of machine-readable records containing personal data relating to many people, in order to detect cases of interest. The technique is called computer matching in the United States, and data matching in Australia and Canada. Although the latter term is perhaps more usefully descriptive, the United States term is more common in the literature, and is used in this paper.The Computer Matching and Privacy Protection ActThe Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act of 1988 (5 U.S.C. 552a(o) et seq.) revise the Privacy Act by describing the manner in which computer matching involving Federal agencies could be performed and by adding certain protections for individuals applying for and receiving Federal benefits. As amended by the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act, the Privacy Act requires Federal agencies involved in computer matching programs to Negotiate written a greements with the other means or agencies participating in the matching programs Obtain the relevant Data Integrity Boards approval of the match agreementsFurnish detailed reports about matching programs to relative and OMB Notify applicants and beneficiaries that their records are subject to matching and Verify match findings before reducing, suspending, terminating, or denying an individuals benefits or payments. Though the Computer Matching and Privacy Protection Act certainly involves detailed procedures, including obscure Data Integrity Boards, it is probably most notable for the fact that it institutionalizes sharing of data among federal government agencies. Information collected for one purpose may be used for different purposes by a different federal agency. Though integrity and fairness seem informed by the Act, privacy is not.Flaming also known as bashing, is hostile and insulting interaction between Internet users, often involving the use of profanity. Flaming ordin arily occurs in the social context of an Internet forum, Internet Relay Chat (IRC), Usenet, by e-mail, game servers such as Xbox Live or PlayStation Network, and on video-sharing websites. It is a great deal the result of the discussion of heated real-world issues such as politics, religion, and philosophy, or of issues that polarise subpopulations, but can also be provoked by seemingly vain differencesSpam is most often considered to be electronic junk mail or junk newsgroup postings. Some people define e-mail even more generally as any unsolicited email. However, if a long-lost brother finds your email address and sends you a message, this could hardly be called spam, even though it is unsolicited. Real spam is generally email advertising for some product sent to a mailing list or newsgroup.

How War Is Necessary Essay Example for Free

How War Is Necessary EssayMr.Weirzbowski-English 10War has been with mankind for many millenniums. The reasons for contends in mankinds history have all been various, until now 1 big reason for war is that countries want to grow bigger, by taking everywhere one another. Throughout history, rulers would not be satisfied with the metre of soil that they had or wanted to spread their beliefs around the world. So, they did it by difficult to take over others. However, some didnt want to give up their land or change, so they fought. Fighting these wars ar, however, necessary no matter what people believe. This is because fighting them and winning go away stop them from unequivocal others. Some wars that stopped countries from controlling others are the second world war, the war in Vietnam, and the Revolutionary war. However, there are claims that the Vietnam war couldve been avoided, but there wouldve been consequences for going to war. War is necessary because its a way to filtrate to stop countries from dominating over others and controlling them. There are many ways that war has stopped countries from controlling one another. Firstly, the Vietnamese war was necessary because, the war wouldve stopped the spreading of communism to neighboring asian countries, also known as the domino theory. The brain of communism started with the election of Ho Chi Minh in North Vietnam. Kennedy wasnt concerned with Vietnam until Lyndon B Johnson called Ngo Dinh Diem the Winston Churchill of Asia because, Diem was the only one trying to resist the communists and Johnson promised to protagonist him. Noam Chomsky, a US philosopher, stated that if a country better its economy due to communism, neighboring countries would try to improve their economy using communism, as seen when china influenced North Vietnam. Had communism been successfully spread to South Vietnam, then Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, etc. Also, other countries wouldve lost faith in the US for not protecting S.Vietnam in their time of need. This shows that the US needed to fight this war to stop the communistic ideals from spreading to countries and to keep the confidence of other countries around the world, so that they could help the US when the US needs them.The second world war as necessarybecause, it showed how the world responds to a fascist ruler controlling a major country, trying to claim the world. It also showed how the US would react when attacked by another major country. Hitler want to create a master race, which was blonde-haired, blue-eyed people. So when he came into power, he had convinced the german people that jewish people were less than humans and should be treated as such. Thus he started taking over various countries in Europe and started killing jewish people to start his political program. While that was happening, the US was maintaining neutrality and supplying Britain, Russia, and China with weapons until the japanese attacked pearl entertain on December 1941. The US then declared war on Japan and fought in the Pacific theater until August 15th, 1945. Had the axis powers won humankind War II, North America and South America would be surrounded by dictators ready to destroy democracy and take over the world. Also, Hitlers plan wouldve probably been completed and the world wouldve been comprised of blonde, blue-eyed people. However, the war told us that when we are concerned with individualism, we become selfish and degraded or under the influence of corrupted selfish nations. This war was needed because, when one tries to dominate and take over another country, we become blinded and end falling. We need teamwork to stay strong in the world.Finally, the Revolutionary War was necessary because, it allowed rights normally granted by the king, to be for every single individual. It also sparked other revolutions, along with stopping Britian from controlling the colonies. When the French Indian War concluded, King George III mad e the Proclamation of 1763, which stated that no colonists may settle west of the Appalachian and anyone other than Indians there had to instigate from the area. The Boston Massacre also brought them closer to the revolution, because British soldiers killed 5 civilians for calling them names. The Stamp Act of 1765, Townshend Act of 1767, and the Tea Act of 1773, were all attempt of Britian to try and control the colonies in North America. However after the war, the Declaration of Independence was signed and Britian let the colonies rule themselves. With this newfound freedom, the colonists were allowed to trade with anyone they wanted, colonize past the Appalachian Mountains, set up a new government and the British moved out of the colonies. Had the colonists lost the war, the US would probably still be under British rule tothis day.Even with all this evidence that war is necessary, people still see war as a terrible thing. Going back to the Vietnam War, the Vietnamese War couldve been avoided because the US couldve stayed neutral and let the problem in Vietnam blow over, instead of sacrificing 50,000 men. The war wouldve been avoided and Vietnam wouldve became a communist country along with possibly, part of Asia. Robert McNamara, exoneration chief under John F Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson, says that he doubted Vietnam would let China or Russia use them as a base, but thats the US had feared at the time. The US had feared that China or Russia would use them as a base they could use to control more parts of Asia. The Vietnamese couldve probably fought the war themselves and probably resisted the communistic ways of China and/or Russia.The belief about if war is needed in the world or not cuts both ways. every that it helps bring everlasting peace in the world closer or its useless and all it does is kill off innocent people. War is a big thing that stops countries from trying to gain total global domination or keeping them at bay until they give up. Until th at happens, there will be allies who will attack at a moments notice when a country is trying to bite off more than it can chew.There are so many more examples of how war is necessary in the world that this would be a lot longer than it is already. The concept of war may be bad, but in the end, its all worth it.

Different Jolmohals And There Locations Environmental Sciences Essay

Different Jolmohals And in that respect Locations Environmental Sciences EssayThe searcheries sphere of Bangladesh is a quick yielding sector, which augments return and can contribute to p everyplacety reduction. The 4.57 one million million million hectors of available mid province pee bodies contribute 80% of the total fish production and transferers a great opportunity for the poor fishing confederacy to commit an mendd income through increased production. 12.2 million People use this piddle bodies as their address of income (both direct and indirect) that comprises 24.6% of the total employment of Bangladesh. Around 0.77 million fishermen be dependent on the availability of frequent piddle bodies for their livelihood. However, in spite of having abundance of inland water clay resources, the fisheries sector is non experiencing its full potential growth in terms of employment generation, increased production and demand for nutrition because of the improper distri butions of these inland water resources. Most of the fishers are poor and in the fisheries sector this poverty is associated with economic exclusion from high value water bodies, social marginalisation of traditional fishers, class exploitation by moneylenders and lettingholders, and political disempowerment from decisions affecting fisher livelihoods.The inland fisheries sector includes baor, coastal aquaculture, river and estuaries, beels and haors, lake, flood plains, canals and ditches and together they c each(prenominal)ed Jolmohal. A more formal definition of jolmohal according to the Jolmohal anxiety indemnity 2009 is Jolmohal is a waterbody where water clay in somewhat times or throughout the year and is known as Haor, Baor, Beel, Jheel, Pond, Ditch, Lake, Dighi, Khal, River, Sea etc. Such Jolmohals can be closed or open. Closed Jolmohal will have defined boundary whereas open Jolmohal will not.The power of distributing this jolmohal among the people is held by the aut horities. However, it has been noted that this distribution is not fair. Most of the hit is being enjoyed by the affectionatenessmen and new(prenominal) powerful non- fisher people. This is creating a monetary as well as a social price. Social welfare is woefulness the neediest people are being ignored. But the government has an obligation towards them and there needs should get priority and policies should be taken to ensure that.Different Jolmohals and There LocationsAs stated earlier jolmohal is a water body, which consist of polar types of inland fishery sector and they can be found in different areas of the country. As a first step in trying to sort out a rather complex situation, it is helpful to distinguish different types of by nature occurring water bodies. In addition to rivers and floodplains, this category includes a number of early(a) entities that are outlined below Figure Types of naturally occurring water body proposeDefinitionWhere foundHaorLow lying depres sions between two or more rivers functioning as small internal drainage basinsNorth-EastBeelLakelike depressions, sometimes found within haors retaining water permanently or for the greater part of the year. Adjoining beels may merge into a single continuous sheet of water under a unified floodplain during the wetter part of the yearAlmost everywhereKhalsDrainage channels connecting beels to adjacent riversAlmost everywhereBaorOx-bow lake do of former meandering bends in river that got cut-off from the main stream. Not strictly part of the open-water musical arrangementJessore,Jhenaidah, KushtiaBeyond this, and with regard to the wider category of water bodies as a whole, a number of further distinctions are important.Individual water bodies may beNaturally occurring or constructed by individuals and communities. For example- Kaptai Lake. The only large artificial inland is Kaptai reservoir formed as a consequences of hydro- electric dam completed in 1963 and which has flooded ov er 76,600 ha of pristine forested valleys and cultivated land in the Chittagong hill tracks.State (khas) or in camera ownedClosed where fish cannot move beyond their boundaries and can therefore readily be privately appropriated or open where they can move freely.Open chafe or plightd for private individual useSeasonal in which case all fish must be harvested in a single season, or perennial with potential to build up stocks for harvesting in later old ageWaqf estates and Debottar property, which support Muslim and Hindu religious organisations respectively.Policies and issues taken over the YEARSFrom the British period to the present day, a number of fisheries policies, regulations and acts have been introduced for the management of water bodies and other fishery resources. Prior to 1757 fishers and farmers had customary rights over open water fisheries including rivers, land depressions, lakes, oxbow lakes and floodplains. At that, time fisheries were managed by local fishing community as common property under various dodge of tenure. During early stages of British administration, fishers had some customary rights over all water bodies.The situation changed in 1793 when Zamindars were minded(p) rights (jalmohal) over rivers and other waters under the Permanent Settlement Act which was designed to generate revenue for the Colonial Government. As with land, these were then sub-divided among jotedars, using a leasing system that has continued with only slight modification until the present day. In the large majority of cases, the lessees (Ijaradars) were not fishermen themselves. The fishermen they meshled were low caste Hindus. The most able of these over time became informal managers, collecting tolls and taxes on behalf of the jotedars. Muslims generally did not fish, but some lower status Muslims did became traders. Therefore, during the 19th and 20th centuries the colonial state created a legal and regulatory framework, which favored landlords and l easeholders who were drawn largely from the non fishing class and groups and who increasingly saw their water tax rights as valuable commercial and financial assets that needed to be protected from unauthorized fishers. The fishers had to come to some agreement with them in order to survive.After the partition of India in 1947, the new state of Pakistan abolished the zamidari system in 1950 and took control of waterways through the State Acquisition and Tenancy Act 1950 and the Department of Revenue assumed responsibility for all jalmohal outside Reserved woods areas. Therefore, a large number of these water bodies were now owned by the state but property rights over them was temporarily transferred to the fishers mainly through a leasing process. From 1950 to 1965, open auction bridge of leasing water bodies started where highest bidder were granted lease. The method of fixing the maximum revenue prior to auction was to average the last three terms lease value than to increase it by 10%. In fixing the lease value, the productivity of fishery was not considered. The aim of the leasing insurance policy was to raise state revenue. However, during 1965 in an attempt to help poor fishermen, preference in the granting of jamohal was given to fishermens co-operative societies registered with the Dept of Co-operativesAfter the independence the government of Bangladesh took some(prenominal) policies in regard to the jolmohal management which have been depict below-1973- 1974 Preference was given to registered fishers conjunctives in leasing out the water bodies provided the cooperative agreed to pay highest bid money, the numbers of which as a result mushroomed. However, this provision was easily circumvented, with former Ijaradars generally using co-ops as fronts, taking jalmohals on sublease arrangements and retaining effective control.1974- 1984 Under a presidential order, all jalmohals were transferred from MOL to the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock. In itial attempts were gravel to move from purely revenue-based to more sustainable systems of management, but before this could not be fully implemented. Restrictions placed on leasing out water bodies to the registered fisher cooperative societies through negotiation for 1-year lease for river and canal and 3 year lease for closed and semi closed types of fisheries such as lake, boar and ponds. If such a fishers association was not available or the terms and conditions of lease were not acceptable to the government then the water bodies would put up for open auction where anybody including the non-fishers could bid.1984 1986 Leasing to the fishers cooperative societies through negotiation was replaced by open auction system but limited to fishers cooperative societies. Open auction system of leasing water bodies was later changed to bidding by sealed tender system, all other conditions remaining unchanged. Jalmohals 20 acres reverted to MOL control.1986- 1995 To ensure biological management of fishery resources and to picture the right of fishers to water bodies a licensing introduced under the New Fisheries circumspection Policy (NFMP) in 1986 in selected location and the affected jalmohals were placed under direct management of the Department of Fisheries. The aim of this policy was to reserve some water bodies for substantial fisherman defined as those who depended on full time fishing for livelihoods. The leasing system was abolished and fishing rights were directly licensed to fishers. Credit was made available, and different institutional arrangements (including NGO management) were explored. Progress was slow, with MOL unwilling to give up its major source of income under circumstances where net revenue from land was very small and other vested interests were opposed. Annual gear specific harvests were introduced to ease the pressure on fisheries by regulating the harvests. Limited user rights to legitimate fishermen were meant to ensure that they received a greater share of the fishing income. Nevertheless, this had limited success and government revenue change magnitude fishers sometimes failed to pay license fees on time because of the failure to link the license fee with the productivity and biological potential of the water bodies, so for many an(prenominal) fishers the license fees were too high and increased yearly which overtime put them out of reach of many. In addition, non-fishers continued to control water bodies assisted by wealthier fishers. Because of the failure, this policy ended in 1996 since when project based approaches involving communities have been adopted.1995- 1996 (Open Access Policy) Leasing system for flowing rivers was abolished and fishing was declared open to all free of cost except to those who catch fish by using mechanized boats. The policy was established for the benefit of poor fishers but as there was, no control fishing pressure increased greatly and threatened fish stocks. Additionall y influential people and mastans were reported as controlling the rights to river water bodies in some areas and to have harassed and exploited fishers.Community Based Fisheries focal point Project The CBFM Project started field activities in different locations from late 1995 to mid 1997. The project is a partnership of government (DOF), five NGOs Caritas, Proshika, BRAC, Banchte Shekha and CRED, and ICLARM. CBFM is a partnership arrangement where management responsibility is shared between the government and fishing communities. Under this approach, the users can put down to the management of fisheries to ensure its sustainable use and equitable distribution of benefits.The Fourth Fisheries Project This project started in 2000, involved the NGOs extensively for empowering the fishing community so that the community of project beneficiaries, i.e., the fishers, could retain the benefits of mitigatory and compensatory interventions undertaken by the project. The project involved 1 4 NGOs in 49 sites for empowering community institutions. In essence, they were posted to ward off the capture attempts made by the rural elites by empowering the fishers.The irrigate Body Management Policy 2005 and its shortcomings Although the 2005 policy aimed at ensuring full access of poor fishermen into the public water bodies, however there were several drawbacks and constraints in its implementation as followsThe revenue centric policy only allowed the affluent people to get lease and left out the poor fishermen.Did not specify the property rights of the lease holder to be bankable.Insufficient coordination and discussion on the leasing strategies among the relevant ministries and stakeholders.Lack of boost and involvement of private sector investment.The short term leasing policy held back the fishermen from introducing any scientific cultivation method.Jolmohal Management Policy 2009 The government adopted the Jalmahal Management Policy-2009 with the cabinet approval on J une 23 through bringing some changes to that of 2005. These changes or amendments are-While the Upazilla fisheries officer will recommend whether the shamity members are actually fishermen or not, the Upazilla Water Body Management Committee will prepare and finalize the fishermen group aliment adjacent to a particular water body.The management direction headed by a deputy commissioner (DC) is authorised to lease out khas jalmahal among the community. Local lawmakers have been made advisers to the district and upazila committees with the upazila chairmen alternative advisers to the upazila committeesAny fishermen community / group / shamity living adjacent to an water body will be become the beneficiary of that particular water body.The lease period for the closed water bodies up to 20 acres has increased to 3 years from only 1 year.The lease-holders are not allowed to sub-lease the water bodies and must use it only for fish production.The Upazilla and District water body manageme nt committee will consist of representatives from the private sector, civil society, department of agriculture and law enforcement agency.The District Commissioner (DC) will annually update the key of public water body and notify in the notice board, local dailies and websites for the stakeholders.The public water bodies under different ministries will be allocated to the fishermen or samity alternatively of previous target group.The commercial banks and financial institutions will provide loan to the fishermen or their community in order to scientifically manage the leased water bodies.A database will be prepared and updated with information regarding the public water bodies of the country.Ministry of land will introduce public private partnership to manage the water bodies for improving the lives of the fisherman.A coordination committee comprising of concerned ministries will be formed at national level for the proper management of public water bodies.even though the Jolmohal Ma nagement Policy 2009 is a better policy than the previous one, but still there are some problems regarding this policy, they are-Jalmahal management policy does not effectively safeguard the interests of the actual grassroots fishermen.The provision for keeping local lawmakers and upazila chairmen as advisers in the management committee will create scope for politicisation and conflict. The genuine fishermen community will not be benefited with a management dominated by bureaucratsIn summary from the 18th century to the present, Bangladeshs jolmohals management has been dominated by private leasing and controlled by non- fishers business and political elites. Most of the policies and rule instituted during this period led to a transfer of property rights from the traditional fishers to the socially powerful agents, the leases and other commercially non- fishers interest.Reasons for the failure of these policiesThe polices taken over the years to manage the jolmohal by the government hasnt been successful as the genuine fishermen didnt get the benefit but the middle man enjoyed it. Therefore, social welfare actually did not increase. To look it more closely we can take each of this policy and examine their problems.The first policy taken was, lease system, which was used to increase the government revenue, so lease was granted to the highest bidder. Due to lack of capital and the control of local political authorities by non fishing interest group fishers were outbid or there cooperative was controlled by outside finances and the lease was allocated to the non-fishing population who wanted to make profit, which did not help the poor fishermen. Similarly, the open auctioning system failed which besides granted the right to the non-fishing population.The problem with the licensing system was that while determining the license fee they did not link it with the productivity and biological potential of the water bodies. Therefore, for many fishermen the licensee f ee was too high. In addition, government failed to provide them with technical financial support, there was also a continuous threat from other interest group. This put a pressure on the fishermen and the benefit from the licensing declined.Another policy taken was, open access fishing. As with the other policy, in this case also the influential people controlled the rights to river water bodies. Furthermore, the open access system put a pressure on the resource since to maximize the profit nobody gave a thought to the issue of sustainability.To overcome the problem with the middlemen the NGOs stepped in and there intervention helped many but in time some corruption was also noted. Most of the time they were given free rein so they had the tendency to exploit the power.The recent jolmohal policies have considered the environmental aspects, restricted the subleasing system and the intervention of the non- fishing community. However, since all this have to done on the district level there is still sufficient chance of the middlemen and other local powerful interest groups intervention. Therefore, there is a good possibility that this policy will not be successful in ensuring the welfare of the fishermen. contingent SolutionAs we can see, no form of ijahara or leasing process has been very successful in ensuring the welfare of the fishers. There can be several possible solutions to this but the most effective would be to create an aquaculture for the fisherman. In other words, the fishing right should be given to the fishers directly for a abundant period, at a minimum cost to enable them to pay the amount and the government should oversee the progress. This will save them from the middlemens intervention. If the fishers have the exclusive right to fish then they themselves would think of the sustainability issue and this will also give them incentive, so productivity will increase. This right to the fishermen should be given on a community basis. The governmen t revenue may decrease from this process but they can earn more revenue from the export of the fish. To improve the situation and to protect the genuine fishermen, they need to be empowered with monetary and logistic help and capacity building. For this purpose, the government needs to give them the support. Therefore, instead of an ijahara process if there is a cooperation among the government and the fishers then there is a possibility of increased in fishers welfare.ConclusionAs we have seen from the earlier discussion that the proper distribution of jolmohal is very important both from the financial and social perspective. However, the policies taken since 1757 have only been successful in depriving the fishermens from their natural right to fish from the water and the situation has worsened overtime. To improve the situation the only possible and viable solution possible is the cooperative one because a proper and necessary monitoring is not possible of the ijhara system which is increasing the social cost and benefiting the non-fishers. Therefore, government needs to consider the cooperative system to ensure the welfare of the fishers.ReferencesIslam ,Gazi Md. Nurul. Abdullah, Nik Mustapha Raja. Viswanathan, K. Kuperan. Yew ,Tai Shzee . AUGMENTING FISHERS WELFARE AND LIVELIHOOD ASSETS THROUGHCOMMUNITY base MANAGEMENT IN BANGLADESHThompson, Dr. Paul. FISHING RIGHTS AND ACCESS MACHTHOMPSON, P.M., P. SULTANA, M.N. ISLAM, M.M. KABIR, M.M. HOSSAIN and M.S. KABIR. An Assessment of Co-management Arrangements Developed by the Community Based Fisheries Management Project in Bangladesh CBFM Project 1999Government Jolmohal Management Policy, 2009 Ministry of Land 23 June, 2009Govt to revise Jalmahal Management Policy to increase fish production The Financial Express 8 September 2008Inland Open Water ManagementJalmahal policy wont help grassroots fishermen The Daily Star , 26 July,2009LAND POLICY AND ADMINISTRATION IN BANGLADESH, CARE SDU Reports and Studies, Land policy Literature Review Final, May 2003Public Water Body Management Policy 2009 Beginning of a new era for the poor fishermen of Bangladesh News materialization 3, 18 August 2009