Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 3

Advertising - Essay Example Prior to item advancement, one needs to break down the interest of that item in setting of its gracefully, or necessities to make an interest by making showcasing specialty. Making of another showcasing specialty should be possible through the making of a brand. This way to make request publicity by persuading likely clients for purchasing and utilizing that item, independent of its need. This is regular for rich products and enterprises. 2. Price It is the material sum that is paid by the client for an item. As per Jed C. Jones ‘The cost of any item directly affects the attractiveness of that item. Valuing for contributions that are all the more usually accessible in the market is increasingly versatile, implying that unit deals will go up or down more responsively in answer to cost changes. Conversely, those items that have a for the most part progressively restricted accessibility in the market (however with solid interest) are increasingly inelastic, implying that cost changes won't influence their unit deals very much.’ (Jones, 2007) 3. Place It is one of the most significant components of promoting blend. It is the area from where a client can buy or acquire the item. It comprise of different channels of conveyance like retail or discount stores, outlets, limited time slows down, home conveyance administrations, web stores, internet shopping basket office, mail request and site request booking. 4. Advancement Product limited time exercises fill in as the directional factor for accomplishing advertising objective. They incorporate showcasing efforts, limited time initial preliminaries, occasion sponsorships and motivating forces in type of exceptional offers, limits, blessing and commercials. Other limited time exercises incorporate suggestions, referrals, supports and advancement by utilizing cooperative attitude of the organization. 5. Individuals This component of broadened advertising blend includes individuals associated with every single step of item life cycle. The administration of an association assumes a key job being developed of this component. They by and large comprise the way of life of an association. Individuals likewise are the intended interest group and market section of a specific item. 6. Procedure This is essentially identified with the association which is giving such a help as its item. Optionally, the creation procedure, a great many saleses and cli ent relationship the executives of an assembling concern shapes the procedure. 7. Physical Evidence This component of broadened promoting blend manages the physical ecological confirmations. Gaurav Garg clarifies it as: ’the significance of value physical design is significant in a scope of specialist organizations, including: Students attending a university or college have far better standards about the nature of their settlement and learning condition than previously. Subsequently schools and

School Free Essays

This is the passageway season. Don’t miss the significant exams†¦ Whether your advantage is in Engineering, medication, Law or Hotel the executives, the period among walk and may, on occasion even June is intended for composing a progression of placement tests. Careerists encourages you prioritize†¦ Asking unlimited rounds of post frosts and banks is so tiring, bunks Dry Manhandling, a harried dad of a 17-year-old. We will compose a custom paper test on School or on the other hand any comparative point just for you Request Now His little girl is showing up for 10+2 and tries to be a designer. He has so far distressed in 11 application structures for efferent state and national-level passageways and a couple are to follow. What is exacerbating the situation is the lack of concern of the vast majority of the test-leading organizations, particularly the state-drove ones like CBS or NITS. None of them react, and their telephone lines are never-endingly occupied, mourns Manhandling. To help a great many guardians like him, we have assembled point by point data on more than 50 passageways over the four significant controls: Medicine, Engineering, Law and Hotel Management. For every one of the doorways, we have given point by point data on the procedure of structure feeble, prospectus, test design, advising procedure and seats accessibility. Proceeding with our convention, we will likewise distribute warnings on the best way to split them. Over the span of next a quarter of a year, on the off chance that you have any questions concerning any of these assessments you are generally free to call up our helpline number: 011-40 360. Placement tests in the nation change in their target and scale broadly. The greatest obviously is the JEEZ (Main) which sees more than 1. 5 million hopefuls. Other private and regarded colleges that direct their own assessments for various developers get between 5000-30,000 hopefuls. It would bode well to show up for good private college doors on the grounds that, many of them offer great grants for toppers in their particular assessments. Try not to pass up applying to your favored foundations. Good Luck! Placement tests MEDICINE iris step that one takes to turn into a specialist or rather an expert proficient in the ‘led of medication is to pick subjects in Life Sciences, especially Biology while in secondary school. The following stage is to get ready for clinical selection tests, during or after the time of passing class 12, that are held generally in the long stretch of April, May and June consistently. Clearing the test effectively causes you secure affirmation in a clinical school to embrace an undergrad clinical degree, principally MOBS or BEDS (Dental). There are slight varieties in qualification standards for different passages. Normally competitors must be of 17 years old and more likely than not passed 10+2 from a perceived board with 50/45 percent in the total (40 percent for SC/SST). The applicants showing up for their board test in 2014 are likewise qualified to apply. The competitors more likely than not contemplated Physics, Chemistry, Math or Biology. Breaking the test A profession in medication, particularly in India with approximately 50,000-odd seats at the undergrad level depends on your capacity to qualify national or state-level tests. You have to test your capacity in Physics, Chemistry, Botany and Zoology. In these tests, aside from being precise, you likewise should be alert and exceptionally fast. In the greater part of the tests for which we are rattling off key data (nature, application system, charges, significant dates, admission, choice), the appropriate responses must be given in under a moment for each question. The appraisal in a manner identifies with the calling that requests an enquiring mind, the ability to procure elevated levels of information which must be continually up-dated, and he capacity to identify with individuals as people, each with their own wellbeing needs. DRY CUSHMAN BATHWATER Addle. Evidence Head, palliative consideration, Alms has a custom of research greatness notwithstanding being world class, give care and fix. Some of top specialists in the nation populate the grounds BOCCE Briar Combined Entrance Competitive Examination (BOCCE) is a state-level test led by the Briar Combined Competitive Exam Board for admissions to MOBS, BEDS, Barbara courses in different universities over the state. Test type: State-level Selection process: The applicants will be called for directing on the premise f the outcome. Application Form/method The up-and-comers can get the application structure from select schools across Briar or select Canard Bank offices, subtleties of which can be CAREERS FEBRUARY 2014 found on the social site The up-and-comers can likewise obtain the structure through post by sending the AD to the BOCCE Board. I The office for online accommodation of utilizations may be accessible for BOCCE on the social site (http://baseboard. Com/Home. PH). Directing strategy The guiding for BOCCE applicants will be held according to the move numbers given in the calendar, merit-wise. I Candidates should go to the unlocking and experience report check process at: The BOCCE Board, I. A. S. Affiliation Building, Near Patina Airport,Patina-800014 TRAINING IN claims to fame help specialists to keep themselves refreshed Students need to convey firsts of all passing tests alongside one lot of validated duplicates of the equivalent. Test design: The paper contains two phases: First stage There are four areas: Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics and Biology. I Candidates need to endeavor Physics and Chemistry mandatorily I Candidates deciding on MOBS/BEDS should endeavor Biology. I The absolute imprints for PC applicants sick be 150 with each subject conveying 50 imprints. Second Stage I There are four areas: Physics, Each paper will be for the span of one-and-a-half hours. Furthermore, Chemistry mandatorily. I Total imprints for each subject will be I There will be an aggregate of 100 inquiries in each subject I Four imprints will be granted for each right answer and one imprint deducted for each off-base answer Syllabus: The prospectus will be accessible on the social site of BOCCE and will essentially be equivalent to that of the HAS-level assessment. 31 Selection Process: The procedure starts after both the periods of the assessment have been directed. At that point the BOCCE Board pronounces waitlist understudies dependent on the outcomes. It at that point welcomes understudies for advising and school/course inclination. Significant dates Commencement of offer of Application Form: January 17, 2014 I Last date of offer of Application Form: February 17, 2014 I Last date of receipt of use structure: February 25, 2014 I Date of Examination (First Phase): 13 April, 2014 I Date of Examination (Second Phase): 18 May, 2014 Entrance Exams SEAM Kraal Engineering Agriculture Medical Entrance Examinations (SEAM) is directed by Choice of the Commissioner for Entrance Examinations, Kraal for admissions to undergrad proficient courses. Determination process: Candidates will be called for guiding dependent on consequences of the passageway. Application structure/system Candidates need to apply online in endorsed SEAM 2014 application structure accessible on the social site (http://www. CE-kraal. Organization/). They have to dispatch an assessment charge of RSI. 800. Directing system: The guiding will be according to the calendar drawn on the legitimacy list rankings. It includes record confirmation, allocation of seats, installment of affirmation charges and different conventions. Understudies must be genuinely present during directing and unique remarks must be submitted. Test design It is a paper-pencil test of 2 hours and 30 minutes term having 120 Multiple Choice Questions (Macs) of 480 imprints. Each right reaction to the inquiry will be granted four imprints and one imprint will be deducted for each inaccurate reaction under negative checking plan. I Online Application Form: January 10, 2014 †February 5, 2014 I Admit Card: March 24, 2014 I Exam: April 23 and April 24, 2014 (lo:o a. M †12:30 p. M. ) I Result Declaration: May 20, 2014 WEBBED Medical Conducted by West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination Board, the West Bengal Joint Entrance Examination WEBBED) permits admissions to undergrad clinical and dental courses. Determination Process: The up-and-comers will be called for advising based on the outcome. I The intrigued up-and-comers need to sick in WEBBED Online Application Form through the social site (http://www. Webb. In/). I The WEBBED application structure expenses of RSI. 500 can be kept either on the web or Allahabad E-Bank Callahan or chose Post Choice. The WEBBED legitimacy rank will be reported not long after the announcement of the outcomes. The advising for WEBBED will be led in three stages. The periods of guiding rely upon the umber of exemplary understudies and the accessibility of the seats. A fourth round might be led if seats are accessible after the regarded three rounds of WEBBED guiding are finished up. The test includes different decision inquiries with 80% of the all out imprints and short answer type inquiries with 20% of the all out imprints. The absolute imprints assigned for WEBBED 2014 Exam is 200. There will be an arrangement of negative checking of 33. 33% for each off-base reaction. Online WEBBED 2014 Application structure accessible from: December 18 to January 25, 2014 I Last date for receipt of affirmation page: February 4, 2014 I - rest date: April 20, 2014. All India Pre Medical/Pre Dental Examination Exam type: National-level I All India pre Medical - rest (MITT) is led by CBS for admission to MOBS and BEDS courses. The test permits debilitated 15 percent situates in government universities. 32 be called for directing based on Log on to MITT site (http://glove. Pleasant. In/glove/Welcome. Asps), sick the application structure and note down the enrollment number created by the framework. I Payment of RSI. 1000 can be made through Credit Card/Debit Card or through E-Callahan. I Confirmation page will be produced after installment of expenses. Take print - outs f the affirmation page at Part IV of use design and the location slip. Dad

Disadvantages of gm food Essay Example

Burdens of gm nourishment Essay Example Burdens of gm nourishment Essay Burdens of gm nourishment Essay Deliberation This investigation endeavors to gracefully an infiltration upon the army impediments of GM supplement and reaps refering to universes and nature. The cardinal core of this investigation concerns the human health risks presented by the ingestion of GM supplement by the network. Security preliminaries for GM supplements are light and scanty, and poisons each piece great as allergenic constituents in these GM supplements are eccentric. Then again, GM harvests end up being deprecating to the earth. As a result of GM harvests being developed, GM superweeds exist and the Earth s biodiversity is disturbed. Alternately, GM harvests bring about well significant expenses. Cost of seeds for GM harvests is excessively estimated and agri-biotechnological organizations stand a chance to abuse this expense so as to gather progressively total compensations. 1.0 Introduction Hereditarily adjusted supplements, in any case perceived as GM supplements, relate to reap workss or vitalize creatures built for ingestion through the utilization of the most recent methods for atomic natural science ( Whitman, 2000 ) . Wanted characteristics and highlights, for example, expanded restriction against plagues and improved nutritionary substance are communicated through the adjustment of these workss in inquire about labs. Recently improved harvests have been known to show resistance towards plagues, require less H2O, and all things considered flourish each piece great as create in under ideal turning situations. Hereditary innovation was first found in the twelvemonth 1983, and since so has been used for the conceivable advantage of world. Be that as it may, GM supplements have had an effect on the universe as it is today. As affirmed by Whitman ( 2000 ) , GM supplements have been effectively challenged by natural associations in Europe and open contribution bunches for quite a long time, and the issue of familial use has been impelled to the vanguard of open cognizance by cutting edge begging to be proven wrong surveies sing the impacts of hereditarily altered maize dust on sovereign butterflies. In the United States of America, inquire about has demonstrated that in the twelvemonth 2001, more than 60 % of handled supplements in the state contain bio-designed staple goods, for example, hereditarily adjusted soya beans and maize ( Sakko, 2002 ) . In spite of the fact that there are numerous inquiries sing the security of such GM supplements, in add-on to its favorable circumstances and drawbacks, the existent request starting from such an issue stays evident: Should GM supplement be restricted to serve world? Regardless of cases that GM supplement regards human wellbeing, naturally amicable and its advantages exceed its drawbacks ; GM supplement ought to be restricted for more prominent's benefit as it clearly presents human health perils, is ecologically dangerous, and is beyond all doubt won. This investigation uncovered the hindrances and ominous impacts of GM supplements on universes each piece great as nature. The scope of this investigation is planetary, as GM supplements are available in pretty much all states around the universe and GM harvests are on the ascent in supplanting traditional collects so as to adjust to the requests of universes. 2.0 Human Health Risks Numerous deformities emerge from the ingestion of GM supplements. Most importantly is the danger of human health. It is conceivable that by introducing remote cistrons into the familial cosmetics of a works may follow in surprising and negative effects upon the prosperity of universes. As the utilization of familial innovation is relatively new to the human culture, there is inconsistent logical review sing the numerous risks to wellbeing brought about by GM supplements, and security preliminary building is insufficient in assessing the potential perils to universes. Beside that, GM supplements may ship inside themselves unusual poisons and may perchance build the danger of allergenic responses. 2.1 Scarcity of Safety Trials Information sing wellbeing risks because of GM supplements is dainty. As certified by Domingo ( 2000 ) , numerous estimations exist refering wellbeing risks of hereditarily adjusted supplements. Notwithstanding, existent productions and data on GM supplement poisonousness stays rare. It is relatively harder to gauge the security of supplements emerging from harvests contrasted with single synthetic concoctions, supplement added substances, or medications. This is a direct result of the familial making out of collect supplements that is significantly more mind boggling, and may change in adjustment to differences in developing and agronomic conditions. An outline of this is the underlying and elite examination of a GM natural product, the FLAVR SAVR tomato, as doled out by Calgene. This GM tomato was developed through the interjection of kanr cistrons into a tomato by an antisense familial adjustment technique. Results attested that no significant contrasts in by and large mineral and nutrient each piece great as in poisonous glycoalkaloid degrees were watched. Consequently, the GM tomatoes are viewed as each piece innocuous as their parent tomatoes ( Pusztai, 2001 ) . This is irrefutable that the security preliminary in regards to the wellbeing of the FLAVR SAVR tomato is misrepresented, and does non grasp all aspects of how a wellbeing preliminary ought to be. Accordingly, the security preliminary is imperfectly arranged and executed, rendering the choice that the GM tomatoes were sheltered doubtful. 2.2 Unpredictable Toxins and Allergenic Components Undesirable impacts can other than be a result of the addition of cistrons into the familial cosmetics of GM harvests, as a portion of the ways and strategies the joined cistrons communicate or the way they influence the display of the cistrons of the gather are clearly irregular and to a great extent whimsical. This could follow in the creation of new poisons and allergenic constituents when expended accidentally. This is each piece confirm in a poisonousness preliminary done on mice. Mice were taken care of with GM murphies incited with a Bacillus thuringiensis volt-ampere. kurstaki Cry1 poison, a poison permeated inside the familial making out of the murphy for the enthusiasm of driving bugs. This was appeared to hold caused villus epithelial cell hypertrophy and multinucleation, disturbed microvilli, mitochondrial devolution, expanded Numberss of lysosomes and autophagic vacuoles and actuation of tomb Paneth cells in the mice ( Pusztai, 2001 ) . These outcomes despite everything show in spite of cases of the opposite by its producers and creators, following in across the board disarray and dismay inside its shoppers. In another example, a recommendation to graft a cistron emerging from Brazilian nuts into soya beans was dismissed because of the anxiety of resulting in unexpected hypersensitive responses. GM supplement got from altered GM harvests is known to trip new unfavorably susceptible responses through the blend of new proteins by the imported cistrons presented. Practically all supplement allergens are protein-based, and they are probably going to be close to nothing and resistant to warmth, corrosive and belly compound degradation ( Chow, 2009 ) . Despite the fact that harvests regularly utilized as staple supplements contain 1000s of different proteins, similarly few are known to be allergenic. In spite of the fact that along these lines, their allergenic strength may hold been changed through the utilization of familial innovation, rendering even supplements non overall known to impel unfavorably susceptible responses to make so. Should a host works be noted to show allergenic belonging ss, passing on in new cistrons into its familial cosmetics could truly take to the allergenic proteins being over-communicated, doing the works increasingly allergenic. Valuable to Human Health Promoters of GM supplements constantly state that GM supplements regard human health. They battle that GM supplements have clinical favorable circumstances, and can be altered to do edible vaccinums. Notwithstanding, this announcement is inconsistent. GM supplements are as yet being inquired about on, and the reason that they can fill in as addendums is hazardously over-appraised. Information and data sing the impacts army kinds of GM supplements are insufficient, in noxiousness of everything that the individuals who bolster the commercialization of GM supplements region. Should GM supplements be discharged to the populace without legitimate investigation and mandate, numerous lives would be jeopardized, rather than what is each piece asserted because of the obscure impacts of numerous allergens to the human natural structure. In that capacity, GM supplements are truly harming, and ought to non be acclaimed to be favorable to human wellbeing when it has non been demonstrated to be so . 3.0 Environmentally Hazardous Moreover, another disservice because of the development and social polish of GM harvests is the risks it stances to the earth. Various natural activists and advocators of the earth have all made known their interests and apprehensivenesss sing the hazard GM harvests make for the biological system. Toughening the familial cosmetics of harvests to deliver GM supplement may in like manner result in the show of GM Superweeds. Also, the biodiversity of the earth will be adjusted or might be upset at a bigger graduated table. 3.1 Creation of GM Superweeds Yields hereditarily controlled to have the option to deliver their ain pesticides or to be herbicide-safe present a dangerous risk to nature. These collect workss changed hereditarily to be open minded to weedkillers and pesticides may cross-breed with the nearby vegetation, doing the herbicide-safe cistrons to be moved from reap attempts to weed. As admitted by Cummins ( 1999 ) , the turning of these GM harvests will essentially bring about the outgrowth of weeds that are flexible to pesticides and weedkillers, following in the interest for more grounded, all the more impressive signifiers of harmful synthetic substances to liberate the diseases. These superweeds will so be a danger to the GM reaps in twist, and even to nature all in all. This is each piece represented by the outgrowth of the first superweed , a works that ca nt be kille

The Heart of Glory Children, Humanism, and Character in Greenes Novel - Literature Essay Samples

In Graham Greene’s dynamic novel The Power and the Glory, we follow the Whiskey Priest throughout his harrowing journey as he runs for his life, avoiding capture and death at the hands of the Lieutenant. This novel shows the development of the priest as he turns from a previously selfish man before meeting his daughter, into a man who gives everything including himself to trying to help children after meeting Brigetta. Greene shows the diversity and parallels between the Lieutenant and the Whiskey Priest as they both struggle with theological beliefs while embarking on their journey of making a better world for children, both handling it in extremely contrasting ways. We follow the Priest while on the run from persecution in Mexico; from watching him meet his love child to helping a woman carry her dead son along a dangerous path to a church. The Lieutenant and the Whiskey Priest dance around each other from place to place but the Priest is finally caught when he steps back in to a dangerous territory to deliver the last rights to a murderer. A major distinction that grows larger throughout the progression of the novel is how the Whiskey Priest changes drastically throughout the novel and is a person who has immense influence, even after death. Both the Lieutenant and the Whiskey Priest care greatly for the children; however, the Whiskey Priest’s Christianity influences more people than the lieutenant’s humanism. Throughout the novel, both the Whiskey Priest and Lieutenant love children and are willing to devote their existence to the children’s future. While on the run from the Lieutenant the Whiskey Priest travels to a village where he meets his illegitimate daughter Brigetta. The Whiskey Priest knows it’s a sin but he can’t repent for having his daughter whom he loves but feels condemned by Christianity, â€Å"He said, I don’t know how to repent.† That was true: he had lost faculty. He couldn’t say to himself that he wished his sin had never existed, because the sin seemed to him now so unimportant and he loved the fruit of it† (Greene 152). From that point on the â€Å"bad† priest evolves rapidly from a man who reluctantly returns to hear a confession to a man who walks into certain death to hear the confession of a murderer. In contrast to the Whiskey Priest, the Lieutenant does everything for the children from the beginning, but does it for all children. His need to create a better world for children steams from his own childhood which â€Å"seemed to him like a weakness: this w as his own land, he would have walled it in if he could with steel until he had eradicated from it everything which reminded him of how it had once appeared to a miserable child. He wanted to destroy everything: to be alone without any memories at all† (49). In an attempt to make the world a better place the Lieutenant attempts to rid Mexico of the corrupt evil that is associated with the deceitful ‘fairy tales’ the Church has weaved. By killing priests and religious figures the Lieutenant found a purpose but more importantly â€Å"he had [found a way to try to] give the children a bright material future and his lonely failure is endorsed† (Sharrok109). Each man devotes his life to children but both go about it in drastically opposing ways. The Whiskey Priest focuses his love on a single child, Brigetta, while the Lieutenant focuses on all children. Continually, due to the Lieutenant’s humanist beliefs he tries his best to care for children but rejects the church. The Lieutenant’s actions are motivated by his humanism views. He believes that all of the children will be better off without the corrupt Catholic Church. His views become perfectly clear when he questions the Whiskey Priest about how he could possibly support a Church that disregards the ones who are actually in need of help but instead â€Å"supports the rich and ignor[es] their brutal oppression and continual plundering of the poor [and] blames the Whiskey Priest for deceiving the poor about the evident reasons for their suffering† (Gordon 50). The Lieutenant fights in order to care for the physical needs of the children, which correlates to his atheist belief that only accepts the physical world. He becomes increasingly frustrated however, because he can’t comprehend how people can have faith in a God that he doesn’t believe could exist as there is only vacantness as a result of evolution from animals (Greene 48). Thus, the Lieutenant believes he is purging the citizens and making way for a better future as he tries to â€Å"eliminate from their childhood everything which had made him miserable, all that was poor, superstitious, and corrupt. They deserved nothing less than the truth† (58). The Lieutenant does everything in order to deconstruct the Catholic Church as he sees them as the source of everything that could harm the children and their innocence. In contrast to the Lieutenants humanism, the corrupt Whiskey Priest has strong Christian beliefs. Due to his theological beliefs he attempts to care for the children in a spiritual and moral way while fighting for eternal goodness for each child. In a contrast to stereotypes, the Priest feels he is â€Å"even less worthy in the sight of God† (Leah 19) yet still continues to minister to people throughout his personal struggle and his physical journey through spiritual, moral and mental support. Continually, the Whiskey Priest is motivated by his Christian beliefs even if he is corrupt he still believes that God is good and that He is incorruptible which he specifies â€Å"in his conversation with the Lieutenant after his arrest, [he] affirms his faith. ‘God is love. I don’t say the heart doesn’t feel a taste of it, but what a taste. The smallest glass of love mixed with a pint pot of ditch-water. We wouldn’t recognize that love†¦ it would be eno ugh to scare us—God’s love. It set to a bush in the desert, didn’t it, and smashed open graves†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (21). Regardless of his personal sin and struggles, the Whiskey Priest still holds strong in his faith and is unfaltering which assists him in difficult decisions to come as he finds the love for his daughter, and a new flame is enlightened within him. Even when the Whiskey Priest was half-starved, assaulted by fever and the police carried him, he still carried out Gods will. Even from within the thick walls of a jail cell, the Whiskey Priest still finds Gods light and spreads it to everyone who needs it and even admits to being a Priest so that he can minister to those who desperately need a priest (Greene 123-134). Even though the Priest does not see it, he is a self-less and Godly man yet believes he is not a good priest; however, he still ministers to those in need while he demonstrates that â€Å"Christ is intimately linked with every sinner † (Bosco 50) and does what he can to foster the children’s spiritual and mental needs as opposed to their physical needs Moreover, while the Lieutenant believes that the measures he takes through humanism make a large-positive impact, he actually ends up harming them physically and mentally. The Lieutenant does everything for the people but they still fear him and do not respect him as a person or what he stands for but rather makes people follow him through fear. This is because he harbours deeply rooted hatred for Christianity and is not hesitant about taking hostages to kill from the villages he claims to protect as â€Å"his brutality and persistence in wishing to kill the fleeing Whiskey Priest is leading him astray, away from the people whom he wants to assist, away from the poverty stricken Mexicans to whom he wishes to restore their stolen property and integrity† (Gordon 50). Regardless, the Lieutenant believes all his efforts will pay off because it is for the benefit of the people he cares about; however, â€Å"When the boy Luis who had hero-worshipped him spits on his polished bootâ €  (Sharrok 109) it becomes clear that the Lieutenant is not as influential as he believed. The Lieutenant didn’t see the harm in what he was doing as his views blocked the reality from his consciousness, â€Å"A man like that†¦ does no real harm. A few dead men. We all have to die† (Greene 34). The Lieutenants one-track-mind is a hindrance to seeing how scared the people are but also distracts from how he is attempting to do everything for the people but is actually making them, and himself suffer which he demonstrates after ‘wining’ as â€Å"he [goes] into the office. The pictures of the priest and the gunman were still pinned up on the wall: he tore them down- they would never be wanted again† (207). Once the two men are gone, the Lieutenant no longer knows what to do since he thought purging would assist the future of Mexico’s children but in reality he has murdered countless people, many of whom are innocent which created a state of fear for the children. The Lieutenant devotes his entire life to trying to make Mexico a better place for the children but has little positive impact and ends up emphasizing what he tried to drive out. Although the Whiskey Priest believes he and his Christianity beliefs make no impact on the people, he actually influences the children for the better. His life and even in his death are caused by his sense of duty. The Whiskey Priest could have stayed across the mountains in safety, but he chose instead to administer Last Rites to the dying outlaw, who murdered countless. Even though he sensed that he would be wasting his time and that the message summoning him was almost assuredly a police trick, he still went (Greene 188-90). The Whiskey Priest does all in his ability to do Gods will, even though his spiritual situation is unnecessarily complicated by issues that targeted priests such as himself; however, through this â€Å"daily acquaintance with acute suffering and death that allows him to save his own soul and to dispense aid and comfort to the souls of others† (Bosco 50). Both before and after his death the Whiskey Priest influences many for good. After meeting with the Whiskey Priest Mr. Tench â€Å"[has] an odd impulse [come] to him to project this stray letter towards the last address he had [for his wife]†¦ he tried to begin†¦ he started to write† (Greene 45-46). Similarly, during the Whiskey Priest’s brief interaction with young, ex-Christian Coral, â€Å"‘has turned her mind back to God in time’ –i.e., in time to earn her eternal salvation—for ‘the sesame’ to the future, as the Priest’s dream suggests† (Baldridge 63). The Whiskey Priest does not seek power nor glory but still has a large effect on the children including Louis. When Louis is introduced he does not care about the stories his mother attempts to tell him but after the Whiskey Priest, he â€Å"begins to see the pious tale of the martyr Juan read to him by his mother in a new light: he is a convert from the Lieutenants party to the Church† (Sharrock 118). Even through his death, he made a way for a new Priest and consequently Christianity, as the boy opens the door wide for the new Priest after watching the Whiskey Priest’s execution. In contrast to the Lieutenant, the Whiskey Priest does not try to be influential towards the children but is actually the most influential character in the novel. Throughout the novel the Power and the Glory, the Lieutenant and the Whiskey Priest are intertwined and connected through their journey, beliefs, and love for the children. The Lieutenant attempts to care for the children’s physical needs as he is motivated by his hate for the Church and his humanism beliefs. By contrast, the Whiskey Priest is motivated by his Christianity and his desire to love and nurture souls and thus cares for the spiritual aspects. Throughout the novel, the Lieutenant makes it clear through his actions and words that he desires to have a positive influence over the children and to make the world a better place solely for them. However, his actions h ave the opposite effect and the Lieutenant remains an uninfluential character who negatively effects Mexico. Despite the Whiskey Priest being a ‘bad’ priest, he is actually one of the most positive and influential people in the novel. He is able to minister to the broken and lost souls since he himself is a broken and lost soul. The Whiskey Priest is a self-less, courageous man who is too hard on himself and does not recognize the good he has fostered in Coral, Louis, Mr. Tench, and countless other citizens thus paving the way for Christianity to begin to flourish once more. Both the Lieutenant and the Whiskey Priest care greatly for the children; however, the Whiskey Priest’s Christianity influences more people than the lieutenant’s humanism. Works Cited Baldridge, Cates. Graham Greenes Fictions: the Virtues of Extremity. University of Missouri Press, 2000. Bosco, Mark. Graham Greenes Catholic Imagination. Oxford University Press, 2005. Diemert, B. Graham Greenes Thrillers and the 1930s. McGill-Queens University Press, 2014. Gordon, Hayim. Fighting Evil: Unsung Heroes in the Novels of Graham Greene. Greenwood Press, 1997. Greene, Graham, and John Updike. The Power and the Glory. Penguin Books, 2015. Leah, Gordon. â€Å"A Bad Priest? Reflections On Regeneration In Graham Greenes Novelthe Power And The Glory.† The Heythrop Journal, vol. 51, no. 1, 2010, pp. 18–21., doi:10.1111/j.1468-2265.2009.00510.x. Salvatore, Anne T. Greene and Kierkegaard: the Discourse of Belief. University of Alabama Press, 1988. Sharrock, Roger. Saints, Sinners and Comedians: the Novels of Graham Greene. Burns Oates U.a., 1984. Word Count without Sources, References or Header/Title page: 1,205

Path to Citizenship - 1109 Words

Marcella Santana Hanna Gray English 121 27 February 2013 Path to Citizenship The Heritage Foundations, Tim Kane, Ph.D., writes â€Å"America’s exceptional status as a ‘nation of immigrants’ is being challenged by globalization. The biggest challenge for policy makers is to distinguish illusory immigration from real problem. The supported approach from recent years ‘a policy of benign neglect’ is no longer an option.† Members from the Senate and House of Representatives both recognize this and should be given credit for their efforts to craft this proposed comprehensive law which today, is known as the ‘Amnesty Plan.’ I strongly agree with this ‘Amnesty Plan’ and feel it needs to be pushed through due to its solid pillars. Such as, having†¦show more content†¦The fact is the framework of the plan describes the proposals idea regarding this issue. To mention a few, it includes â€Å"enhanced border security efforts through the use of technologies like unmanned aerial vehicles, surveilla nce equipment, and improved radio interoperability, allowing the Border Patrol the ability to enhance monitoring and detection along the border to better protect U.S. sovereignty and halt illegal border crossings. Also insuring that the U.S. Coast Guard has the resources it needs, and instituting the cooperation between the Mexican and U.S. law enforcement with Border Enforcement Security Task Forces.† It is a commonly known fact that many employers employ immigrants to save themselves a few dollars in the long run. A couple ways they do that is by paying undocumented immigrant’s lower wages with no healthcare benefit options. One can also assume that these employers recognize the fear immigrants have of being deported, which keeps them from reporting issues that normally would not be tolerated by an American citizen. I strongly disagree with these practices and am very relieved to know that a big part of the proposal includes: an â€Å"effective employment verification system which prevents identity theft and ends the hiring of future unauthorized workers, requiring prospective workers to demonstrate both legal status and identity through un-forgeable electronic means prior toShow MoreRelatedImmigration Reform Of The United States1516 Words   |  7 Pagesparty the candidates were from since being liberal and conservative, I would say did not play a role in the election. What is interesting is that both Joe Garcia and Carlos Curbelo are pro-immigration reform and they believe that there should be a path way for undocumented immigrants to become citizens of the United States. Republican House of Representative Carlos Curbelo will most likely support bill H.R. 15 or sponsor a similar bill. The Democratic Party is for immigration bills that benefit theRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be Illegal1082 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigration reform was passed. It claimed that US create a tough but fair path to citizenship for unauthorized immigrants currently living in the US. Since then the problem â€Å"Should Undocumented Immigrants Have a Path to Citizenship?† has been risen to the stage of politics. Many governor and citizen think there should have some path for undocumented immigrants to gain citizenship. By helping the undocumented immigrant to get citizenship could boost the United Stated economy development, bring in more talentRead Mo reThe Freedom And Freedom Of Expression1355 Words   |  6 Pageshowever, once these visas expire, there is no guarantee for permanent status. Citizenship applications are inefficient and lengthy, leaving thousands of undocumented families living in the United States. These families could ultimately face deportation, destroying years of hard work to be sent back to ground zero. It is imperative that the Trump administration focuses more energy into repairing the broken path to citizenship for the sake of just morals and a nation supported and built from immigrantsRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants And The United States1104 Words   |  5 Pagesimmigrants and residents of the united states. It is unfair to hard working immigrants and residents to deprive them for certain humane rights. By not granting noncitizens with their rights it violates the 14th amendment. The 14th amendment grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the United States. Therefore, all persons in the United States are entitled to rights as any other citizen would have. Noncitizens don’t have the right to vote and also don’t have the right to hold electedRead MorePresident Obama s Executive Order1456 Words   |  6 Pagesimmigrants and the path to citizenship is difficult for illegal immigrants because of the complications and financial burden of the whole process. The reform that needs to take place is that Congress has to make amendments to our current immigration policy regarding citizenship for the illegal immigrants that are currently living in the United States. The process to citizenship in the United States takes many years for the average person and Congress could streamline the path to citizenship. The cost thatRead MoreThe Immigrant Problem in the US1780 Words   |  7 Pageslegal citizens when they do so illegally. There has been much debate on how to address this problem and how to figure out a solution to it. I believe that we have to have a clear path to citizenship for immigrants who come here illegally. The Senate passed a comprehensive bill last year that included a path to citizenship for those immigrants but the House of Representatives has yet to hear or agree with it (Davidsen, 2014). As a country, our elected leaders need to put this at high priority or nothingRead MoreQuestions On Immigration Enforcement Programs Essay1731 Words   |  7 PagesStates. It argues that a more accessible path to citizenship would facilitate safer border communities in both Mexico and the United States by making illegal smuggling networks less profitable. Furthermore, this article spotlights the abuse of immigrants in custody by U.S. Authorities. Half of all deportees interviewed had at the least one family member who is a U.S. Citizen, with one in four having at least one child under the age of 18 who have U.S. citizenship. The article additionally discusses theRead MoreReforming Immigration Reform732 Words   |  3 Pagesgamble seems to have paid off. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is at the heart of the debate over immigration reform, since federal policies that control paths to citizenship, border security, and deportations of illegal immigrants are mediated by DHS agencies. These agencies include Customs Border Protection, Citizenship Immigration Services (CIS), the Coast Guard, and Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE) (DHS, 2012). A recently released report from the Migration Policy InstituteRead MoreImportance Of The Naturalization Civics Test1053 Words   |  5 Pagesthere is a certain amount of questions in the test, and even if you get four wrong you’ll pass. In other words, if you score six right, you automatically pass. Another example for this reason is when, Carl Shusterman states, â€Å"I administered the US citizenship test to 14 applicants each day. Most had no trouble passing† (Shusterman). The quote explains how he has been working in that industry for a long certain of the time, and that he has seen people pass more than fail. Consequently, we can take hisRead MoreThe Terrorist Attacks On September 11868 Words   |  4 PagesArlen Specter (R-PA) and passed in May 2006. CIRA would have given a path to eventual citizenship to a majority of undocumented immigrants already in the country as well as dramatically increased legal immigration. Although the bills passed their respective c hambers, no compromise bill emerged.[9] In 2007, the Comprehensive Immigration Reform Act of 2007 was discussed in the Senate, which would have given a path to eventual citizenship to a large majority of illegal entrants in the country, significantly

Essay on Personality and the ESL Student - 1286 Words

How can an extroverted or introverted personality in ELL and ESL students affect behavior, learning process and classroom environment? Extroversion versus Introversion the terms originated from psychologist Carl Jungs theory of personality. Jung saw the extrovert as directed toward the outside world and the introvert as directed toward the self or inside world. That is why, theoretically, introvert students are less involved in the classroom and extrovert students are more active. As I observed a classroom where the student population consists of 90% Latino and 70% are ELL or ESL students, I noticed how students’ personality and behavior could make a significant impact in a classroom. To understand more about the students’ conditions is†¦show more content†¦In a classroom where students are struggling to acquire or dominate a second language, it highly interesting to observe how their personality can make a difference in the way they can perform in the classroo m. On my third day observing, a question aroused; theoretically who learns more an introvert or extrovert student? In a classroom of 20 students I identified 14 of the students fall into the category of ESL or ELL. During my observation I identified the students by the speech (pronunciation or deficiency of English vocabulary), and I noticed the teacher had also made several cluster depending on their English fluency. I observed that among the 14 ELL and ESL students 5 of the students I classified as introverted students: like to be alone, like to be silence, and never participated. While the other 9 students were obviously extroverted students: most of them like to work in-group, are more social, participate, and like attention. The International Journal of Science Education presented the observation of twins who had the same background, same parents and same experiences. The article ‘Self-perception, individual learning style and academic achievement by a pair of bilingual twins in a secondary school clearly call my attention as I finished the journal it was clear to me that the twins were very similar but their personality differ, after two years of observation, the research concluded that the twins haveShow MoreRelatedCulture : Language And Language762 Words   |  4 Pageslanguage is limited in many ways by cultural knowledge and understanding. II. What I Want to Find Out Because I strongly believe in the interdependence of culture and language, I want to explore the focus on culture in current ESL classrooms and how that impacts the success of students. I also want to investigate the correlation between cultural understanding and linguistic language acquisition. Since I believe that culture plays a much larger role in second language learning than is currently reflectedRead MoreEll Increase Year After Year1721 Words   |  7 PagesEvery ELL student is unique and has different learning process. Although the semester covered a wide variety of topics ranging from dialects to teaching methods, every module served its purpose in providing a framework for future ELL teachers. Learning about how to teach ELL was significant to me because when I first entered the school system in America, I was placed into ESL and I have gone through the process of many of these teaching methods. EDUC 628 main focus was preparing students whose goalRead MoreThe Issue Of Lan guage Boundaries838 Words   |  4 Pagesmedium of correspondence, as well as connected to an individual s personality in this way these boundaries may impact different parts of the administration encounter. Applying this thought to the U.S. eatery connection, this study intends to research the effect of language boundary on ESL students s eating encounters in the U.S. Through subjective and exploratory techniques, this study will recognize issues that worry ESL students in intercultural benefit experiences and the aftereffects of thisRead MorePurpose Driven Life1328 Words   |  6 Pagesalive who is Youer than You.† Every essence of our being, from our personalities to our DNA is different from everyone else in this world. Many of these distinctions are apparent in the classroom setting and at times can prove challenging for a teacher. Some students may learn the lessons very quickly while others may take extra time and may need out-of-class help. These differences will aff ect their ability to learn and grow as a student and the strategies I implement in my classroom will affect theirRead MoreLanguage Form Analysis: Study Guide729 Words   |  3 Pagesstatement include questions about plans on Sunday, a question regarding Dave, or in a conversation regarding the purpose of the meeting itself (though this would likely require a higher complexity in the conversation and context than the others). Student Check: Timeline for when the statement is made, when the meeting is scheduled, and when the meeting will take place to ensure temporal understanding. Language Form: Declarative statement with temporal features; subject-object Pronunciation Features:Read More Personal Narrative- Making Positive Changes Essay600 Words   |  3 PagesPersonal Narrative- Making Positive Changes I have positive attributes and weaknesses as everyone else does. However, since I came from Peru to America, I experienced many changes in my personality from a shy girl to an independent, outgoing and friendly teenager. My strongest personal attributes are generosity, my spirit of collaboration and my perseverance to achieve any goals and overcome obstacles in my life. For example, when I was in Peru I used to go to a hospital to help children withRead MoreStruggle in Foreign Country2035 Words   |  9 Pagessanctuary for all students in the world. In United States, there are huge amount of immigrant moving in every year, and the most of purpose for them is education for next generation. In fact, from the 1997-98 school years to the 2008-09 school years, the number of English-language learners enrolled in public schools increased from 3.5 million to 5.3 million, or by 51 percent (National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition, 2011). As long as the dramatic increase on foreign students, the educationRead MoreEnglish As A Second Language Essay1497 Words   |  6 Pagessources while I was doing my research I searched on google about the problems that learners face during the learning process. I found a journal that is â€Å"Difficulties English Learners May Face in an ESL Environment†. The journal is firstly defining the ESL students and the differences between the ESL students who learn in countries that English is the native language and countries where English is non-native language. Then it talks about the difficulties of learning English as a second language. the writerRead MoreFactors Of Career And Personality Assessments849 Words   |  4 Pagestake that would assist her in making these important decisions. Assessments One of the first steps in helping a student who is undecided about their degree is to suggest useful assessments. Career and personality assessments are beneficial in several ways. They can help provide insight into personality traits, skills, and interests of a student. The results in turn can help students make connections between these traits and careers that they are well suited for. There are two tools in particularRead MoreRisk Factors For Gang Involvement Essay952 Words   |  4 Pageshow the â€Å"gang cultural† plays out within that gang. According to one ESL teacher Latino gang culture is promoting a positive educational environment (Gardner, 2014). Positive attributes of gang culture within correctional setting as offenders who are mandated to get an education while incarcerated include the presence of a distinct leader, providing structure and respect in the classroom; the hard work and perseverance of ESL student; and a dedication and loyalty to those they love (Gardner, 2014).

Chalk Portrait free essay sample

The hardest part of observational drawing is seeing the lines where shadow meets light and negative space meets positive space. Five years ago those lines became tangible to me, as I drew an Ugg boot propped against my bedroom wall. I blinked, and it was no longer a boot; it was a system of weaving and interlacing lines. Some new spark had welded a connection into my brain,  ­allowing me to see beyond objects and reduce them to their basic shapes. Everywhere I looked, shadows, lights, and space were divided into segments of color. I could finally see. Soon those lines and color blocks became a permanent fixture in my vision. Now I see that my nose is tipped with a shaded circle and a dainty spot of shine. My fingers cast blue-grey shadows upon the parallel keys of the piano, gliding over ivory and black keys with thin white strips of shine on their edges. We will write a custom essay sample on Chalk Portrait or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The scroll of my violin curls inward like a shell with sharply defined shadows. My thin, spidery hands are webbed with shadowed creases that stretch and bunch up with each movement. It boggles my mind that these mosaic colors were once invisible to me. Without them I would feel naked, stripped of identity, lost. Over the summer, my friend and I made giant chalk portraits of ourselves on a large concrete wall next to the local bike path. My likeness took two ten-hour days to finish – back bent, eyes to the wall, I filled in the colored mosaic of my head as passersby looked with curiosity. At the beginning of the second day, a man wearing khaki shorts and  ­circular glasses stopped to contemplate my drawing. He crossed his arms and leaned back on his right leg, and asked me: â€Å"Is that Benjamin Franklin?† I spluttered and shook my head, unsure of how to reply. He was being ridiculous, of course. My  ­drawing didnt look like Mr. Franklin †¦ or did it? I peered quizzically at my work, taking in the bald head and hair trailing down the sides of my cheeks. It was because of the hair, I realized. I hadnt filled in the hair on top of my head yet, giving my likeness the appearance of baldness and dark sideburns, a distinctively mannish look. This man with circular spectacles had seen what I could not because he  ­possessed a fresh perspective – a way of seeing the world that was different from mine. When I looked at my portrait, I saw myself staring back at me. When the bespectacled man viewed my work, he saw an elderly historical figure. Though his question made me cringe, it also helped me to see, and later fix, my drawings resemblance to Ben Franklin. I realized then that my artistic perspective was just that – a perspective. Now I still relish my view of the world, but I also accept that clear vision is achieved with multiple pairs of eyes.

Nucleic Acid Question and Answer Essay Sample free essay sample

A. DNA Extraction Virtual Lab [ 2 Markss ] Question 1 [ 1. 0 grade ] Isolate nucleated cells into eppendorf tubing ( right get downing measure ) . Add 500 ul 10 % SDS and 55 ul protease K ( 10 mg/ml stock ) . Incubate at 37?C with soft commixture or rocking. Add 1. 4 milliliter saturated NaCl solution ( about 6M ) . Spin eppendorf tubings at 10000 revolutions per minute in a extractor for 15 proceedingss. Shake the tubing smartly for 15 seconds to let protein to precipitate. Transfer the supernatant to another eppendorf tubing. go forthing behind the precipitated protein pellet Add precisely two volumes of 100 % isopropyl alcohol at room temperature. Spin eppendorf tubings at 2500 revolutions per minute in a extractor for 15 proceedingss. Invert the tubing several times until the DNA precipitate is seeable. Remove supernatant from tubing. go forthing behind the precipitated DNA pellet. Dissolve DNA pellet in little volume of TE ( Tris-EDTA ) buffer or H2O ( right stoping measure ) . Question 2 [ 1. 0 grade ] When TE buffer or H2O is added. the Deoxyribonucleic acid pellet is able to fade out. We will write a custom essay sample on Nucleic Acid Question and Answer Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page However. in the presence of ethyl alcohol. the Deoxyribonucleic acid will precipitate. This is because. unlike H2O. ethyl alcohol has a low insulator invariable as it is less polar. That means that Na+ and PO3- could interact with each other more easy and do the Deoxyribonucleic acid to go less hydrophilic and be precipitated alternatively. B. Gel Electrophoresis Virtual Lab [ 2 Markss ] Question 1 [ 1. 0 grade ] The pieces of Deoxyribonucleic acid have to travel through the gel. where there will be some opposition. Large DNA fragments will confront more trouble in making so as they can non steal through the holes easy. Higher concentration of the gel will do the hole size to diminish so the Deoxyribonucleic acid can non go through through it easy. It will be slowed down and travel an even shorter distance or non be able to go much at all. This could take to inaccurate or indecipherable consequences. Question 2 [ 1. 0 grade ] Dye is used so as to better observe and track the motion of the atoms during cataphoresis. This is because we can non see the DNA coloring material with bare oculus. The lading dye will assist weigh down the Deoxyribonucleic acid so it will drop the underside of the gel and non float. C. PCR Virtual Lab [ 2 Markss ] Question 1 [ 1. 0 grade ] Extracted Deoxyribonucleic acid: this is of import so that we can retroflex the Deoxyribonucleic acid more times. It is used as a t emplet. Primer 1: Primer attach to the sites on the DNA strands that will be amplified so that they can copy specific DNA sequences without aiming the incorrect site. So Primer 1 will attach to the first site ( the start ) . Primer 2: Primer 2 will attach to the 2nd site ( the terminal ) . Nucleotides: Forms the base that makes up the Deoxyribonucleic acid codification. DNA polymerase: Attaches the Deoxyribonucleic acid codification it reads to the fiting base to do multiple transcripts of the DNA. Question 2 [ 1. 0 grade ] EDTA acts as a chelating agent. It binds cations and prevents enzymes from adhering to the Deoxyribonucleic acid. With increased concentration of the EDTA. there may non be good reaction conditions for Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerases due to extra of cations. This means that the Deoxyribonucleic acid can sometimes non be identified decently. However. there will non be any other new DNA fragments added so no 1 will be wrongly convicted. Entire / Maximum Marks: / 6 Markss

History of American Colony

History of American Colony Introduction The formation of the American colony is laden with instances of coercion, manipulation, oppression and outright violence. The elite were at the forefront of these vices owing to the need to protect their interests. Land owners had to resort to retrogressive tactics in order to secure labor and property in the newly established British colony.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of American Colony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They also employed divide and conquer tactics amongst the masses in order to quell potential rebellions. In the new American colony, the elite did not epitomize liberty; they used their positions of power to control the natives, indentures and African Americans such that they could secure their own places. How America was conceived The first category of individuals that had to be pacified or controlled were the indentured servants. In order to secure adequate labor, the elite imposed heavy fines upon indentured servants who attempted to flee their masters. In Virginia, a person caught doing this would have to provide additional labor equal to the period of time that he or she was away. â€Å"Over the next century, a good deal of time of Virginia’s House of Burgesses would be taken up with how to keep servants in check.† (Jordan and Walsh 95). As a result, disgruntled white servants had no choice but to serve the complete term of their contract thus securing the aristocracy’s interests. The latter group of people also disciplined their white servants by whipping them at home or inside whipping posts. Their objective was to instill fear as well minimize instances of mild rebellion. Not only did land owners employ physical means to keep white servants in order, they also controlled their social relations. They forbade indentured servants from marrying bridal maidens from England. Any indentured worker, who wanted to marry, had to obtain permission from his master. Females could not get pregnant without serving some extra time as servants (Jordan and Walsh 95). One should note that the indentured-servant system was not prevalent from the beginning. Rich capitalist created it because they wanted to establish the most profitable means of tobacco cultivation. In the early 1620s, Virginia hired a consultant who stated that sharecropping was not effective in yielding high profits. Sharecropping relied on the use of tenants for production. This specialist suggested the use of servants rather than tenants in agriculture. As a consequence, new entrants from England were bitterly disappointed when they realized that their transporters had changed the terms of their contract (Jordan and Walsh 104). They would no longer be tenants in the colonies but mere servants whose term of service would expire upon their master’s pronouncement.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Research shows that the aristocracy’s preoccupation with control was not unfounded. Many indentured servants were frustrated with their conditions and if untamed, then they would upset the delicate class balance in the American colonies. A case in point was Thomas Hellier, whose masters had frustrated him for long. He chose to take matters into his own hands by killing his master, his master’s wife and another servant (Jordan and Walsh 106). When pleading his case, the defendant explained that he had a lot of resentment against slave traders. He argued that such merchants lured desperate people from England into the colony without any intention of keeping their end of the bargain. It was sentiments like these that caused a lot of apprehension among the elite who opted to use brutal tactics to keep their laborers in check. Taylor (154) explains that a rebellion eventually took place in 1676 when a g roup of frustrated freed men took up arms; this was known as Bacon’s rebellion. After completing the terms of their contract, land owners released their workers into a society with minimal economic opportunities. Most of these white laborers owned no property and lived in deplorable conditions. The extravagance of the elite disturbed them to a point of causing a rebellion. However, the state quelled the rebellion and tamed possible uprisings among newly freed while servants. African slaves were also another mechanism for securing the interests of rich landowners in the American colonies. Unlike white servants, who cost more to own and who had no lifetime guarantee, black slaves remained their slave master’s property all their lives. It was more economical to invest in slaves than white servants (Clark et. al. 111). Taylor (154) explains that â€Å"planters shifted from servants to slaves for economic security and security against another rebellion by angry freedmen.â €  Despite their promise, African slaves still had the potential to rebel too. In the early 1600s, African slaves were few in number and possessed same rights as their white counterparts. They could work for their freedom, own land and even buy slaves. However, in the latter half of the 17th century, black slaves had multiplied in number. White land owners worried that they could come together, take up arms and attack their white masters. Therefore, colonists saw the opportunity to utilize former indentured servants to preserve their position.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on History of American Colony specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More They would give poor whites a range of privileges that blacks could not enjoy. The aristocracy’s sole intention was to divide society on the basis of race in order to prevent an alliance that could upset social order. If poor whites got together with disgruntled black slaves, then the elite would have no chance of staying in power. They thus created several laws designed to subjugate black slaves and fool poor whites into supporting them. Some of the laws forbade Africans from gathering in large numbers. They elongated their work days, increased their work load, gave them less food than before, and neglected their medical needs (Taylor 155). On the flipside, they allowed whites to bully blacks as much as they wanted with no fear of punishment from authorities; the laws forbade blacks from striking whites. This created a feeling of solidarity among all members of the white race. Divide and conquer tactics did not just stop at the highly oppressive colonial labor laws; it was cemented by a series of social controls too. Colonists forbade blacks from marrying whites while perpetrators of the crime would immediately become indentured servants. Children born from these unions were condemned to slavery. Even if a child was born of a black mother and w hite father, their identity would still remain black (Shifflett 107). They needed to pass this law in order to protect many white masters who frequently raped their black slaves and fathered mulatto children. Plantation owners secured a whole generation of slaves for themselves. They could violate black women’s rights (by raping them) but did not have to take responsibility for their actions. Instead, they were rewarded by having yet another laborer in their plantation. As is the case with several capitalists, the land owners had to justify their actions using arguments that the masses would believe. Many of them used technical justifications such as an increase in the number of blacks and their intellectual backwardness. Others even employed just-war principles; they explained that when capturing a person in war, â€Å"a subjugator could offer them enslavement as an alternative to death† (Gallay 46). However these capitalists were simply making their brutal actions ac ceptable among the masses. Their just-war claims were false because African slaves were forcefully captured; they were not products of war. Native Americans were also affected by the need to perpetuate capitalist interest in the new colonies. Most Indians were not useful sources of labor in the colonies for a number of economic reasons. The elite often traded with them by purchasing animal skin and other useful items.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, this was an opportunity for self preservation as enslaving Indians would lead to an increase in war. Indians were indigenous to the Americas, so it made more sense to evacuate them from certain portions of land rather than rely on them for labor (Gallay 47). The colonists exercised a lot of discretion in determining where to place the indigenous population in the land-labor hierarchy. The use of race was a divide-and -conquer tactic for rich land owners. They made poor whites feel superior by granting them voters rights and a few superficial benefits. This had the effect of obscuring common class distinctions between themselves and black slaves. The wealthy cemented their place by creating a lesser creature than the indentured servants. Native Americans could not liaise with poor whites or black slaves because they perceived their problems to be unique to their community. In essence, rich whites had quelled opportunities for rebellion. Conclusion The most interesting a spect to me was the impunity with which the elite exercised their privileges and abuses. I also found the contradictory nature of the libertarian values espoused by the colonists and the gross violation of human rights that took place in the new colony out of the ordinary. Lastly, it was enlightening to learn that oppressive systems did not start out that way, but grew as a need for self preservation. Clark, Christopher, Nancy Hewitt, Roy Rosenzweig, Nelson Lichtenstein, Joshua Brown, David Jaffee. Who Built America? Working People and the Nation’s History. Bedford: St. Martin’s Press, 2008. Print. Gallay, Alan. The Indian Slave trade: The Rise of the English Empire in the American South, 1670-1717. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2002. Print. Jordan, Dan and Michael Walsh. White Cargo: The Forgotten History of Britain’s White Slaves in America. New York: New York University Press, 2008. Print. Shifflett, Crandal. Selected Virginia Statutes Related to Slavery . Virtual Jamestown 2007. Web. Taylor, Alan. American Colonies: The Settling of North America. New York: Penguin, 2001. Print.

Resume and Outline of Future Achievement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Resume and Outline of Future Achievement - Essay Example Special Skills Currently without special certifications or skills that can be applied to the workforce as a means of acquiring gainful employment. However, I possess noted strengths of attention to detail, thoroughness, and dedication that will prove to be an invaluable resource to the employer that might seek to utilize me for my services. Part 2: Projected Resume Education: Graduate of high school with honors form Saudi Secondary Education System Graduate of the University of Flint Michigan Bachelor of Science in Accounting with Summa cum laude 3.75/4.0 GPA Training Internship at Kawasaki during summer program of senior year provided me with the exceptional tools that I needed in order to understand the integration of business services to a more full and complete degree. The internship served as an exceptional training program that allowed me to engage with the stakeholders in the field and understand the way in which accounting practices could be used to motivate action with regar ds to advertising and marketing campaigns; specifically designed to coincide with sales events and special offers. Special Skills Currently I am engaging in an ongoing certification process to become a CPA. Although this process will take a great deal of time, it is my belief that this special skill will work together with the other skills that I have come to exhibit over the course of my studies and allow me to adequately engage the realities of a complex business environment and the challenges that it is likely to provide. As a direct result of my high class standing and the accolades I have received, the special skills that I have to offer are concentric upon ensuring that a high level of output and a high quality of output is derived from all of the activities that I take part in. Part III: Outline of Future Achievement From the information that has thus far been presented, the final section of this piece will be concentric upon providing something an outline with regard to how I will seek to leverage the strengths and skills that have thus fra been denoted as a means of reaching my ultimate goal. My experience in mechanics has equipped me well to understand the dynamics of the way in which engines operate. From an early age I was motivate to help my father in his firm in my native Saudi Arabia. The firm itself, Alshref, provides services and medications to yachts, motorboats, and jet skis. Upon coming to the United States, my interest in engine technology and modification did not leave. Instead, I modified two of the cars that I owned and was ultimately able to get over 1200 horsepower out of both of these vehicles. The ability to focus on my studies as well as engage with a hobby that is related to the field that I am interested in pursuing provides a compelling outline for how I will seek to continue my education and training as a means of providing a valuable addition to Alshref at such a time as my father believes I will make a suitable contribution t o the business. As an indication of the future growth and profitability of the firm, it can and should be noted that between 2006 to 2009 the company was not very large; as such, it used to make $3,000,000 a year. However, it currently grosses over 7,500,000 per year. In the same way, between 2006 and 2009, the firm only boasted 24 employees; whereas it currently boasts over 40. As a family owned business, my brothers and I have the option to continue this business venture and take it over once my father retires. As such, my ultimate goal is to further the needs and industry relevance of this particular firm once I graduate. Although it may seem as something unrelated, my interests in accounting and my passion for mechanical

EGT2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

EGT2 - Essay Example We can also say that as the income of a consumer will increase, he will consume less of those goods The coefficient of Cross-price elasticity helps us determine whether the good is complementary or substitute to one another and if the elasticity has negative sign it means that the goods are complementary. Where as if the goods are strong substitutes to each other then there will be a positive sign(this can be easily understand from the example given in part A that there is a positive relationship between price of Pepsi and quantity demand of coke). Similarly, when the elasticity is POSITIVE it means it is a normal good (luxury good). As your income will increase you will demand more branded goods. Instead of a normal coffee you would like to enjoy coffee from Starbucks, designer dresses and Rolex watches. The coefficient of income elasticity for inferior good is always negative. (As income and quantity demand moves in opposite direction). And positive for normal goods (income and quantity demand moves in same direction) All above elasticity of demand plays a significant role in understanding the behavior of consumer or individual under each scenario. We can also predict a possible outcome with the changes in either of the determinant. If the substitute for a particular product is open to a consumer, then the demand would be elastic which means that the increase in price of product ‘A’ will decrease its quantity demanded and people will be willing to consume more of the substitute good as it is cheaper than product ‘A’ and also provides equal utility and vice versa. We know that there is always a positive relationship between price of one good and quantity demanded of the substitute good. Hence if price of a good ‘A’ increases then the quantity demand of its substitute will also increase. The larger is the share of consumer’s budget to a particular good,

Learning and Memory Paper Essay Example for Free

Learning and Memory Paper Essay Human memory has been a significant interest concerning how people develop memory and process memory. Researchers and educators are diligently interested on the neuroanatomical neural processes related to learning and the current literature, neuroanatomical and neural processes related to memory and the current literature. In addition, the relationship between learning and memory form functional perspective. Researchers discuss the reasons learning and memory are interdependent, and have performed testing through case studies using animal studies because they are most useful and replicable studies for understanding the learning-to-memory-link. The examples from research help researchers with solving the mystery of the memory processes. Researchers discuss the importance of lifelong learning and brain stimulation to longevity and quality of life to obtain knowledge and how the human individual develops their capabilities to obtain memory and how memory can affect human behaviors. To understand the functional relationship between learning and memory we must first define what both learning and memory is. Learning is described as â€Å"the acquisition of knowledge or skills through experience, practice, or study, or by being taught† (Merriam-Webster, 2011). While â€Å"Memory is the means by which we draw on our past experiences in order to use this information in the present† (Sternberg, 1999). Therefore, as one can tell memory is essential to all of our lives. Without a memory of the past, we cannot operate in the present or think about the future. We would not be able to remember what we did yesterday, what we have done today or what we plan to do tomorrow. Without memory, we could not learn anything. Learning and Memory are linked to cognitive abilities in both humans and animals. A well-known example to show the relationship between learning and memory is the classic rat in maze. Rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the 20th century. Thousands of studies have examined how rat’s run different types of mazes, from T-maze to radial arm mazes to water mazes. These maze studies are used to study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. Today, mazes are used to determine whether different treatments or conditions affect learning and memory in rats. To take a step further, According to Kolata al, 2005 case study the tasks that comprise the learning battery (e.g., Lashley lll maze, passive avoidance, spatial water maze, order discrimination, fear conditioning) were explicitly chosen so that each one places unique sensory, motor, motivational, and information processing demands on the animals. Briefly, performance in the Lashley lll maze depends on animals’ use of fixed motor patterns (egocentric navigation) motivated by a search for food. Passive avoidance is an operant conditioning paradigm in which the animals must learn to be passive in order to avoid aversive light and noise stimulation. The spatial water maze encourages the animals to integrate spatial information to efficiently escape from a pool of water. Odor discrimination is a task in which animals must discriminate and use a target odor to guide their search for food. Finally, fear conditioning (assessed by behavioral freezing) is a conditioning test in which the animals learn to associate a tone with a shock. We reported a positive correlation between the aggregate performance of individual outbred mice in the learning battery described above and their subsequent ability to accommodate competing demands on their spatial working memory capacity. Specifically, we observe that when mice required performing in two arm mazes concurrently (a manipulation intended to place demands on working memory capacity), their performance in the target maze positively correlated with their general learning abilities. These results are suggestive of a relationship between working memory capacity and general learning abilities in mice. Memory is the process by which information is saved as knowledge and retained for further use as needed. Neuroanatomy, is the study of a particular nerve and are located, or rather memory is stored diffusely through the structures of the brain that particularly in its original state. There are four neural structures that play a role in memory. For example, (1) hippocampus and (2) perirhinal cortex have roles in spatial and object memory and (3) the mediodorsal nucleus and (4) the basal forebrain are implicated in memory. The medial temporal lobe memory system, is part of the system for memory in the medial temporal lobe (MTL), this neural system consists of the hippocampus and adjacent anatomically related cortex, including entorhinal, perirhinal, and parahippocampal cortices. According to (Squire, Larry R.: Zola-Morgan, Stuart, 1991,)†These structures are essentially for establishing long-term memory for facts and events (declarative memory). The MTL memory system is needed to bind together the distrusted storage sites in neocortex that represent a whole memory. However, the role of this system is only temporary.†P1. When time goes on after learning, our memory stored in neocortex slowly and eventually becomes independent of MTL structures. Rats have been used in experimental mazes since at least the 20th century. Thousands of studies have examined how rat’s run different types of mazes, from T-maze to radial arm mazes to water mazes. These maze studies are used to study spatial learning and memory in rats. Maze studies helped uncover general principles about learning that can be applied to many species, including humans. Today, mazes are used to determine whether different treatments or retrieval is established, encoding processes that initiate priming and explicit memory have not yet been anatomically separated, and we investigate then using event related functional magnetic resonance imaging. According to (Schott, Bjorn H.: Richardson-Klavehn, Alan; Henson Richard N. A; Becker, Christine; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Duzel, Emrah, 2006,)†Activations precedicting later explicit memory occurred in the bilateral medial temporal lobe (MTL) and left prefrontal cortex (PFC). Activity predicting later priming did not occur in these areas, but rather in the bilateral extrastriate cortex, left fusiform gyrus, and bilateral inferior PFC, areas linked with stimulus identification,† P 2. However, these areas showed response reductions, and researchers results, illustrated that priming and explicit memory have distinctive functional neuroanatomies concerning encoding with MTL activations being strictly for explicit memory, and influence that priming is initiated by sharpness of neural responding in stimulus identification areas, that are consistent with recent electrophysiological evidence regarding priming related neural oscillations at encoding. Lifelong learning and brain stimulation are essential to mental and physical health, especially in old age. Throughout life, learning is what allows us to adapt to new situations, and learn how to survive and thrive in our current environment at any given time. As we learn, our brain becomes more active, taking in new information and comparing it with old. The new data is either corroborated by the old, or there is a conflict, at which point we must use judgment to determine which information we should keep and what we should discard. Learning can never stop, or it would mean the end of growth, and possibly the end of life, for an individual. Our environment changes every day, and new stimuli are encountered. Even if we have knowledge of what cars and streets are, and know how to practice safety when they are near, we are presented with new combinations and variables on these constructs every day. We must constantly assess the people and places around us, analyze them, and apply any new information to what we already know. This process, some would argue, is what makes us alive, intelligent creatures at the top of our ecological food chain. As for quality of life, very little is more important than keeping the brain active. As we age, the brain and its synaptic processes slow down and decay. Older people are more prone to dementia and other degenerative diseases. Working word puzzles or simply keeping a part time job to occupy the brain and keep it active and learning can extend the quality of life for any aging individuals, doing the same thing, while young can have the same effect. Our mental health is tied closely to our survival and our quality of living. If we can keep our brain learning, it can stay active and alert much longer than if we sit in front of screens and stop learning early in life. Human memory has been a significant interest concerning how people develop memory and process memory. From inspirational design in testing using animals, such a mice and mice being the greater source of exp erimental advances in research in the investigation of memory and human subject use. Researchers have unfolded how memory is developed, through the experiments of these subjects. Although, there is still much more investigation greed towards how memory effects how we learn, to how we store memory and process memory. We must continue the investigation; whereas so many people suffer memory dysfunctions; due to human illnesses and diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, brain damage and learning process needs. Bio-psychologist, work closely with other fields of psychology, biological factors and psychological factors that play a role in the memory processes. Learning can be defined as the process in which one’s experiences are combined into memory. One type of the traditional learning is school learning; this is done by incorporating textbook facts in which is called declarative memory. Not only does one have declarative memory, but also learning of procedural memories. Declarative memory is an explicit memory, a type of long-term memory in which one will store memories of fact (Psychology Glossary). Having memories of things, such as when Columbus sailed to America or on what day and time your baby brother was born, one has declarative memories. Procedural memory is the most basic form of memory. For example, this type of memory is used for procedures or furthermore the basic associations between stimuli and responses (Psychology Glossary). Having the memory of riding a bike is an example of procedural memory. Once an individual has learned what the proper procedure for riding a bike, it is then stored within the procedural memory. The limbic system actually focuses on the frontal lobe and the hippocampus. This system communicates by shooting of the electrical impulses in one’s neurons (Morin 2009). The neurons then become accountable for the storing of information. Brain plasticity refers to the ability for nerve cells to change through new experiences. These neurons take the information when an individual has been exposed to the stimulus to be learned. The retrieving of information is somewhat of a different process, however still maintains some of the same comparisons. Retrieving information becomes an activity of â€Å"re-activating† of those neurons. For both the long-term memory and the short-term memory these types of memories are then stored into many different places. The long-term memory process ensures that an individual will store these memories permanently (Morin 2009). This includes the changes to the cell structure and the creation of the new and unused synapses. Synapses are the junction between the neurons where a neural cell will communicate with a target cell. This is done when translating stimuli into a storage system that is used by the brain, linking the encoded stimuli in the memory and then accessing the memory of the stimuli at the time when it is needed, otherwise known as encoding, consolidation, and retrieval. REFERENCES Kolata, S., Light, K., Townsend, D.A., Hale, G., Grossman, H.C., Matzel, L.D. (2005) Variations in working memory capacity predict individual differences in general learning abilities among genetically diverse mice. Neurobiol. Learn. Mem. 84:241–246. Learning. 2011. In Merriam-Webster.com. Retrieved Jan 16, 2013, from http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/learning Sternberg, R. J. (1999). Cognitive psychology (2 nd ed.). Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace College Publishers. Neuroanatomical Dissociation of Encoding Processes Relater to Priming and Explicit Memory. By: Schott, Bjorn H.: Richardson-Klavehn, Alan; Henson, Richard N. A.: Becker, Christine; Heinze, Hans-Jochen; Duzel, Emrah. Journal of Neuroscience. 1/18/2006, Vol. 26 Issue 3, p792-800, 9p. 5 The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System Squire, Larry R.; Zola-Morgan, Stuart Science, Vol. 253(5026), Sep 1991, 1380-1386. doi: 10.1126/science. 1896849 Fernandez, A. (2007). Brain Exercise and Lifelong Learning for Alzheimers Prevention Alzheimer Disease. Article Directory Find, Search, Reprint Submit Articles for Free. Retrieved November 02, 2010, from http://www.articlesphere.com/Article/Brain- Exercise-and-Lifelong-Learning-for-Alzheimer-s-Prevention/94361 Salthouse, T. A. (2006). Mental Exercise and Mental Aging. Evaluating the Validity of the Use It or Lose It Hypothesis. Perspectives on Psychological Science, 1(1), 68-87. doi: 10.1111/j.1745-6916.2006.00005.x Morin, Chrisophe; September 14, 2009 The Neural Basis of Learning Psychology Glossary; www.alleydog.com

The Rise of Technology and Film throughout the Twentieth Century :: Film Movie Movies Technology Computers

The Rise of Technology and Film throughout the Twentieth Century As time and people are continually changing, so is knowledge and information; and in the film industry there are inevitable technological advances necessary to keep the attraction of the public. It is through graphic effects, sounds and visual recordings that all individuals see how we have evolved to present day digital technology; and it is because of the efforts and ideas of the first and latest great innovators of the twentieth century that we have advanced in film and computers. Technology is a central issue surrounding film making from the times of Charlie Chaplin's silent films to today's modern and computer-animated films such as George Lucas's Star Wars. In addition there have been a system of changes in computer, phone and video enhancement which has propelled vast amounts of information knowledge to the public at a rapid rate. Film was not always as it is today due to the digital sounds and graphic picture enhancements of George Lucas's THX digital sound in the late 1970s to enhance the audience's perceptions. Sound was first discovered in 1928 and the first films before that were silent. There is a social need to heighten an audience's film going experience and it allows each person to color their own views of what they see and presents either directly or indirectly society's moral values. Time is a major factor in innovation because it provides visions, which point to the future but do not disregard the attempts of innovation in the past. Such inventions are Industrial Light and Magic's development of special effects like motion-control camera's which alter the audience's perceptions and create a more realistic setting to enhance the imagination. Entertainment has traveled from burlesque and vaudeville to high tech filmmaking, and this is the physical existence of our century. The Era of Silent Film in the early 1900s had such geniuses as Charlie Chaplin who paved the road to the time of the "talkies" and to development of sound. If not for him and some other "greats" along the way, where would our film culture be today? Much of the history of our nation seems to be held as digital recordings through visuals. In this respect it is interwoven with the current era of computer information because we want to preserve and record the history of the present as well as at the turn of the millennium.

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Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 Renewable Energy: The Key to Achieving Sustainable Development of Rural Bangladesh M. S. Islam, A. M. H. R. Khan, S. Nasreen, F. Rabbi & M. R. Islam Grameen Shakti Grameen Bank Bhaban (19th floor), Mirpur 2, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh Abstract Renewable energy technologies (RETs) can help reduce poverty, energy shortage and environmental degradation such as desertification, biodiversity depletion and climate change effects in Bangladesh. The country is short of gas and electricity supply.Over-exploitation of biomass in meeting energy needs of the rural people has caused environmental degradation. RET can help solve those problems if it is widely used in the rural Bangladesh where people primarily depend on biomass energy. Bangladesh has enough renewable to mi tigate such energy crisis and its adverse consequences. Bangladesh being an underdeveloped country, global initiative would be helpful in transferring RETs for the village households. This paper describes the glimpses of RETs in Bangladesh in terms of its policy issues, implementation, dissemination, marketing, and research and development activities.Modern RETs are still in the research, development and demonstration phase in the country. Like most of the developing countries, there is a niche market for new RETs and several private sector entrepreneurs and NGOs have tried to explore this market. Keywords renewable energy technology; solar home system; rural development; environmental; electricity; biogas; improved cooking stove; clean energy; energy efficiency. Introduction Bangladesh has major problems with energy crisis, persisting poverty and environmental degradation. With only 49% of Bangladeshis having access to electricity, the per capita energy use is only 180 kWh.Moreover, the people who are connected with the national grid are experiencing frequent load shedding. At present, the country can generate about 4500 MW electricity, w hile peak demand is about 6000 MW (USAID, 2011). Therefore, the supply is unreliable. Most of the supply is limited to urban areas; access to electricity in rural areas is less than 10%. RET can solve this problem by renewable such as sunshine, wind, tidal waves, waterfalls or river current, sea waves or biomass. Use of rene wable energy, increased energy efficiency and enhancement of energy security constitute a sustainable energy strategy pproach. Renewable forms of energy emit far smaller amounts of greenhouse gases compared with fossil fuels and increased energy conserv ation facilitates the reduction of primary fossil fuel use, thus mitigating climate change impacts while contributing to the provision of energy services and enhancing security of energy supply. Usable biomass including cow dung, human excreta, poultry litter, kitchen organic waste, aquatic plants and weeds of a village in Bangladesh can produce the amount of biogas that villagers require for cooking. The ferment ed slurry from biogas digester is enriched with nitrogen, otassium and other nutrients. It is, therefore, best for soil, environmental health and agricultural productivity management. On the other hand, Bangladesh has one of the highest solar insulation on the earth. The average solar radiation varies here from 5. 05 kWh/m2 day in winter to 8. 03 kWh/m2 day in summer. As Bangladesh is a compact flat country with a little geographic variation, the solar radiation data collected from one point may be treated as that of the whole country. In other word, affordable availability of RETs to the rural area could be the panacea of poverty reduction and environmental fix inBangladesh. Synergy The relationship between energy and economic development is crucial; the process of economic growth requires the substation of energy mix in the performance of agriculture, industrial and domestic tasks. The lack of adequate energy in rural Bangladesh has economic costs not just at the individual and ho usehold level but at the national level as well. Development in Bangladesh without corresponding increase in per capi ta electricity and gas consumption is, therefore, not feasible. Everyone needs energy in one form or another, for day-to-day life, for cooking, lighting, heating and so on.Consequently, energy is to be considered as a basic need along with food, water, shelter and others. In social aspects, energy plays a key role in achieving social justice including gender justice. Low level of energy service is a serious obstacle to raising social, health and nutritional status of community. Dependence on human energy and primitive technologies for survival introduces a whole range of obstacles to social and gender equality. The rural people in general, and rural females in particular, are tapped in an unceasing cycle of works that condemns them to poor health, l ittle or no ducation and deprives them in equal participation in local development programs (i. e. education, income ge nerating activities, etc. ), self governing bodies and political movements. Improved energy services can be at * Corresponding Author Email: [email  protected] com Page 9 / 79 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 the centre of any strategy to mitigate the gender disparity. The availability of adequate, reliable and reasonably priced source of energy is, therefore, prerequisite for the development of rural Bangladesh. Suggestions can now be made to the extent that the usage of RETs would aunch a new era of appropriate technology, sustainable socio-economic and environmental development in the country. Rural Energy Needs More than 70% of total populations of the country live in rural areas. At present major portion of total energy needs for cooking is met by locally available biomass fuels. The rural electrification program meets a small portion of total energy needs. For overall national development there is a need to pay special attention so that the energy needs of rural areas for subsis tence and productive requirements (e. g. agriculture, industries, and transport) are met on a sustainable basis.Different types of renewable energy technologies such as Solar Home System (SHS), Biogas, and Improved Cooking Stoves (ICS) are suitable for Bangladesh. A Solar Bangladesh SHS has been a successful story in Bangladesh. Our rural people have accepted SHS on a mass scale. Once it was thought that solar energy was not affordable for the rural people. This myth has been broken. Along with thirty partner organizations in the country, as of August 2011, over one million SHS have been installed in Bangladesh, benefiting over 6 million rural people (IDCOL, 2011). On average, more than 35,000 systems are installed very month and within the next 1 to 3 years, this rate is likely to be triple. A powerful economic model has been created to make solar energy a part of rural life, integrating one of most sophisticated technologies with the asp irations, toils and successes of the rural people. A rural family can have bright light, watch TV and power their mobile phones at the same cost as kerosene, while escaping from dim light, foul smelling smoke including health and fire hazards. Rural businesses can increase their productivity and income through extended wor king hours and attracting more customers. This sector has been creating green jobs and linkage usinesses especially in the rural areas. Hundreds of local youth s are working in the rural areas as solar technicians. Rural women are assembling solar access ories in village based Technology Centres. Solar engineers are increasingly employed in designing SHS, working in battery factories, and other accessory related businesses. Bangladesh is on the verge of a Solar Revolution. Increased aspirations, failure of grid electricity, growing machination and disposable income have created huge potential for solar energy in rural areas. Biogas Technology Biogas is a proven an d widely used source of energy in the country.There is now yet another wave of renewed interest in biogas due to the increasing concerns of climate change, indoor air pollution and increasing oil prices. Such concerns, particularly for climate change, open opportunities for the use of the CDM benefits in the promotion of biogas. In spite of being insignificant in volume, the availability of biogas to very large number of rural people and to very remote areas makes the technology very suitable and effective. True, commercially produced pipeline natural gas plays and will continue to play vital ro le in the industrialization and urbanization of the country, but his gas will not reach the remote village households any time soon, if at all! In that respect there is no alternative to biogas for the millions of villagers. The above situation leaves the rural population to rely on the traditional biomass sources for household supply of energy. Over the last few decades there have been rene wed interests and initiatives by many organizations to innovate new and improved biomass energy technologies whereby the biomass energy sources can be used more efficiently and cost effectively for the rural people. The most popular and widely used of these technologies has been the biogas technology in which iomass (cow dung, poultry dropping, agricultural residue etc) is converted into biogas. The biogas is supplied to households for use in cooking in a similar way natural gas is used. In addition, biogas may be used to light houses. Biogas can also be used to run small generator to produce electricity for running electrical household appliances like TV, electric light, fridge etc. Biogas technology is the most ideal technology for rural Bangladesh. Biogas plant is built with simple technology and uses raw material easily available with the rural households — mostly cow dung. Biogas is a kind of gas generated when biomass i. . cow dung or other animal dung or biodegradable organic masses are stored in underground chamber in an anaerobic condition (absence of oxygen). It is a kind of anaerobic bacteria that produces the biogas from the organic debris. The composition of biogas is mainly methane (60 to 70%) with lesser amount of carbon dioxide (30 to 40%) and traces of hydrogen and nitrogen. It is a colourless gas and burns in similar way as natural gas (it actually burns at 800  °C compared to natural gas which burns at 1000  °C, both suitable for cooking and any other household application). A biogas plant consists of a brick made nderground chamber about 10 feet in height connected to a smaller surface feeding chamber on one side and a debris outlet chamber on the other side. Cow dung or other biomass material with water (in 1:1 ratio) are fed once a day into the underground chamber from the surface and biogas is generated and accumulated at the top part of the chamber. The gas is tapped by inserting a rubber pipe and supplied to kitchen or other places in the house. After producing gas, the residue is moved to the outlet chamber under the gas pressure and incoming new biomass materials and is deposited in a pit as a very good uality fertilizer ready to use in the field. In Bangladesh about 44 million tons of fuel wood is used in rural areas as cooking fuel each year (Islam and Islam, 2011). These destroy our forest and have negative impact on weather, land and environment. Also, as other biomasses like leaves, cow dung and agricultural residues are burnt as cooking fuel, these can no more help as a natural fertilizer as part of the cycle that keeps Page 10 / 79 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 the balance in the ecosystem. In all the above counts, use of biogas technology will bring about benefits to the nvironment and the people. It certainly upgrades an ageold inefficient and poor energy use practice into a more efficient and scientific one. Improved Cooking Stove ICS are those trad itional stoves upon which some modifications have been made to give higher thermal efficiencies. The efficiencies are defined as a fraction of heat content of the fuel fruitfully utilized. Improved stove save 50-60% traditional fuel as compared with traditional ones. Total amount of traditional fuel consumption in the country is about 39 million tons annually. If improved stoves popularized in the country and if it saves 50% raditional fuel, then annually about 19. 5 million tons of traditional fuel will be saved. The reduction s of traditional fuels by improved stoves, therefore , have lower emission of green house gases in the atmosphere. It also helps conserve the forest resources of the country. In Bangladesh it will be difficult to supply natural gas for cooking purpose to the every households of the country. Therefore, improved stoves have bright future in the country. Large scale dissemination of improved stoves in the country can conserve the local forest and change the soci al life to a great extent. Factors of SuccessRET is the technology of the Future. But unless this technology can reach the most deprived and vulnerable group in the world today – the millions of rural people who suffer most from the energy crisis – this technology will neither reach its full potential, nor will the economic and social problems of the world be solved. In the early stage when very few POs started to promote renewable among the rural people, village electrification was considered the domain of government programs and development aid, leaving a lega cy of inefficiency and squandered subsidies. Eventually some innovative financing scheme had been created to make RET ffordable for rural people. Innovative Financial Schemes to make the Technology Affordable at the same cost as Kerosene RET is still expensive relative to traditional energy sources. One of our initial challenges was to bring down the high upfront cost of a solar system. An innovative installmen t based financial scheme worked fantastically which reduced the cost of a system to monthly ker osene cost. This is at the central core of our success story. It also allowed us to expand our market and reach economies of scale which further allowed us to bring down our costs per unit and engage in a profitable, sustainable business.Instead of renting, we focused on ownership which translates into better care and longevity of the system. As the price of traditional energy sources rises, renewable energy technology is becoming more and more viable, especially due to its low per unit cost. But, the high upfront cost of the technology is still a major obstacle in generating the shift away from traditional fossil fuels and must be dealt with. Focus on Empowerment, Income Generation & Cost Savings Tiding the technology with income generation, cost savings, higher standard of living, and especially social and economical empowerment is very important . In ruralBangladesh, solar power became synonymous with social status, better living and more income. A rural family could save up to BDT 700 per month in energy cost while enjoying televisions and other modern amenities. Once the installments were paid off within 3 years, there was minimum running cost for nearly 20 years. This made solar a more attractive option than kerosene. They were social benefits also. The burden of women were reduced as they no longer had to clean kerosene soot , work under dim light and they could take part in home based income generating activities. Children could study under solar light and get connected o the outside world through televisions. For rural businesses, solar power meant productivity, more sales, income and jobs. A rural business could double its turnover by using solar while minimizing energy cost. Solar power especially helped improve connectivity, increase the sales of electronic goods, create new business opportunities such as mobile phones charging shops, electronics repair, maintenance shops, community television centers etc. A Strong Grassroots Network to provide after sales service, right at the doorsteps of the rural people Rural people are unlikely to invest in a technology which s not durable and no after sales service is available. We focused on creating a vast network of rural engineers who developed one to one rapport with their customers. They visited each monthly to offer free after sales service for nearly 3 years. Long term warranty (i. e. 20 years for panels, 5 years for batteries and 3 years for charge controllers etc. ) for SHS plus buyback option under which a client can return his /her system, if the area becomes grid connected is a wonderful weapon to explore renewable in the rural areas. A rural network of women technicians has been created to assemble and epair solar accessories to ensure low cost, quick effective repair, maintenance services and availability of spare parts, right at the door steps of the users. It also trained cus tomers on how to take care of their systems and provides them with training manuals. This meant well kept systems, minimum repair and maintenance cost for both clients and us. Capitalizing on Community Forces One reason for this sector was the active involvement of the rural community. Rural people were completely unaware of renewable energy technologies. Winning rural confidence played a vital role. Engagement of community leaders and organizing emonstrations helped a lot. Special focus on creating local stake-hold social and economical was significant. In order to keep the goodwill, the POs offered special packages for rural schools and madrasa. Introduction to scholarship for school children of solar users and design of especial programs for rural school children to seed awareness of renewable in the next generation were also done. Installation and maintenance the systems, Page 11 / 79 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 understand the local ma rket and customs were accelerated by the local youth. Setting up of village ased technology centers to assemble all solar accessories, creating jobs for local women was also essential. This bottom-down, decentralized approach has helped us to keep operating costs low, and gain acceptance by the local communities. GS was unique in that sense that GS not only provided clean energy solutions, but also created powerful social and economical forces for their adoption. For example, GS created jobs for young men and women who could earn enough in few years to install a system themselves. A Listening Culture coupled with Strong Quality Control Building institutional capacityChallenges and Opportunities Fully developing the infrastructure for renewable in Bangladesh requires more than just putting solar systems on the market. Many projects in t he country also work to remove the barriers to more widespread use of renewable systems and build the skills along with the partner organizations. Th ese POs facilitate a package of interventions to support Bangladeshi institutions in overcoming major market barriers. These institutions include rural electricity cooperatives, community-based organizations, NGOs, microfinance institutions, and private-sector groups. Women as Active agents of ChangeGS remain tuned to local needs by listening to our staffs and clients. The strong Audit and MIS system help GS seek new opportunities, meet challenges and forge ahead. We are flexible and localized in our approach, but without sacrificing quality. SHS registered exponential growth after the advent of IDCOL with the number of service providers, suppliers, manufactures multiplying. Bangladesh gained the capacity to manufacture all solar accessories expect for the solar panel. Our government has set a target of reaching all with electricity by 2020. Momentum has been created for solar power which our rural people have accepted whole eartedly. Solar & other renewable are in a position to pla y a very important role to complement government efforts to take electricity to all by 2020. We are yet to reach the penetration rate of mobile phones or televisions which has reached more than half portion of the rural market. We are yet to reach cost effectiveness to reach all rural income groups especially the lower income group in large numbers. Challenges: GS has set up village based GTC to train and empower young women to become Renewable Energy Technicians and Entrepreneurs. This was one of our most innovative and successful programs. These centers managed by omen engineers train rural women in renewable energy technology, enabling hundreds of rural women to earn extra money. These women who belong to most deprived class of their communities have learnt skills on assembling, installing and repairing and maintaining one of the most up to date technologies in the world. They assemble and repair solar accessories such as charge controllers, mobile chargers, invertors etc. This h as enhanced their social and economic value in their communities and contributed to women empowerment. These women have are the backbone of our local production and repair network helping rural people ccess cost effective, efficient services right at their door steps. They are powerful voices motivating other women, their families and neighbors to install solar and other renewable. Appropriate Product Design & Diversification GS with other POs promote and design high quality, innovative products which meet the diversified needs of rural clients. The customer tailored packages ranging from 10 to 135 watts allow a rural client to save energy, generate income and become the owner of a system after 1 or 3 years, at the same cost of kerosene. The standard 50 watt system allows a rural client enjoy 4 bright lights, atch televisions and power mobile phones. For the lower income grouped, there are 10 to 20 watt systems and micro-utility model which al lows sharing of one system by many. Dep ending on the income of a rural client, the design products varies to power computers, DC fans, refrigerators and income generating activities. Page 12 / 79 There are more than 30 organizations engaged in the rural renewable energy sector. Expect for a few, majority have a very small client base. Cutting edge business culture is yet to develop in this field because of the prevalence of NGO culture. There has been very little incentive for nnovation or new product development because most of the organizations depend on guaranteed soft loans from IDCOL. Present practice of vast rural network of branches and engineers translates in huge transaction cost and slow penetration rate. Lack of good communication especially during the rainy season constraints movements and increases transport cost. Seasonal variation in the income of the rural people makes collecti on of installment difficult. This is not cost effective or feasible in the long run. Training and retaining efficient human resou rce at the field level is also difficult. Incentive is low compared to the hard work.It is difficult for organizations to increase incentives in order to keep their costs low. There is lack of skilled engineers who can make cost effective and efficient SHS designs especially for productive applications. Another major challenge is high battery prices and inability to source quality materials or accessories cost effectively. Huge Tax and VAT are charged on import of all raw materials except solar panels. This increases the cost of local manufacturing of Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 solar accessories which in turn increases the cost of Solar Home Systems. ould otherwise come from the fertilizer producing industries. By helping to counter deforestation and degradation caused by overusing ecosystems as sources of firewood and by melioration of soil conditions, biogas technology reduces CO2 releases from these processes and sustains the capabilit y of forests and woodlands to act as a carbon sink. There has been very little incentives from the government to popularize RET except for long term soft loan through IDCOL. Most practitioners are over dependent on IDCOL with no diversification of funding. Mainstream financial institutions are yet to take a major interest in the RET sector.Improved Cooking Stoves can be one of the most cost effective devices to stop in -door air pollution and reduce deforestation. In this connection, GS has already constructed around 373,969 ICSs through local technicians. A huge positive response from women have been receiving because of 50% less fuel cost and smoke free cooking. Various POs could disseminate 10 million cooking stoves by 2015 if proper initiatives are taken . Opportunities: Exponential demand has been created among rural people for solar power and renewables. This is mainly due to increased price of kerosene, diesel, and lack of grid connected ower, decreased price of solar energy, and especially due to growing aspiration and economic diversification of the rural people. Dependence on land or agriculture is reducing, cattle is being replaced by power tillers, tractors etc. Nearly 60% of the rural people own a television. Diversification of rural economy concurrent with increasingly efficient solar systems has created market for larger Solar Energy System applications to power pumps, mini/micro grids for SMEs, internet kiosks etc. The rural farmers suffer from power shortage during the irrigation season and replacement of electric power pumps by solar pumps would save the rid system of 800 MW load on the national grid. There is also increasing demand in rural health and education sector for Integrated Energy Systems to power lights, computers, TVs and refrigerat ors etc. Solar power can fill the niche. Solar power can also be used for early warning systems, emergency lighting, water desalination etc. in disaster zones. Increasing load shading in the urban area s has made solar power an attractive option for urban dwellers. 1 to 10 KW systems to power lights, TVs and other appliances in domestic and commercial sector can easily create a niche, alongside diesel generators and Instant PowerSupply etc. Technical progress has reduced cost, increased efficiency and diversified the application of solar energy. For example, use of LED and CFL has reduced the cost of solar power, while increasing its efficiency. Pico systems (1 to 5 watts) can power 2 or more lights while charging mobile phones. This has brought solar technology within the reach of lower income groups. LED based systems have resulted in dramatic decrease in costs. Factors to reduce cost include efficient loads, innovative batteries, and lower module cost. We can use biogas technology not only generating cooking gas, but also for generating ure methane gas which can used for running vehicles, power pumps and other electronic equipment. This will facilitate rural development. Though some large s ized biogas plants in Bangladesh are generating electricity, needs. We can scale this up if we can purify the gas and place it in cylinders. We can use all types of wastes ranging from animal dung to crop resi dues for this purpose. This is successful technology which has been implemented in India, Sweden and many other countries. Our Government which is promoting independent power generation should also facilitate this type of technology. We can use biogas technology in urban areas to onvert wastes into electricity, gas and organic fertilizers. Again Biogas technology takes part in the global struggle against the greenhouse effect by reducing the release of CO2 from burning fossil fuels in two ways. First, biogas is a direct substitute for gas or coal for cooking, heating, electricity generation and lighting. Second, the reduction in the consumption of artificial fertilizer avoids carbon dioxide emissions that Bangladesh currently has a thriving RET sector with multip le companies manufacturing batteries, lightings and other solar accessories. Many of these companies are also exporting heir products. Recently government has decided to include solar as a thrust sector in its industry policy. Policy Options: Building a Cutting Edge Entrepreneur Based Structure Bangladesh is uniquely positioned to reach 75 million people with renewable energy technologies by 2015. However, we cannot tap into this huge potential through the existing model. We need to develop a cutting edge, efficient, flexible structure of rural based entrepreneurs who will take solar and other RET to every nook and corner of country to create a truly Solar Bangladesh. We need to focus on the following for the above transformation:Creating Clean Energy Entrepreneurs Page 13 / 79 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 Providing long term soft loans at 5 to 6 % interest rate to all RET related businesses is needed. Present practice is that service provi ders can access soft loans after installing the systems. This does not take into account high upfront cost of sourcing supplies or developing the organizations. Similarly solar related manufacturing/ supply companies have to access loans at very high cost. Our financial incentives are focused on microfinance institutions. Instead of this, we should help create business companies small nd big at the district/sub-district level linked with local entrepreneurs to widespread RET. This would create ownership, innovations and competition. We can create village based women entrepreneurs to promote Improved Cooking Stoves etc. They would also assemble, repair solar accessories and provide after sales service. They can be linked with small credit from rural financial institutions. RET is a step in the right direction. However most clients / renewable energy companies have been unable to access the loan because loan is to be provided to SHS customers and reimbursement is only after the instal lation.Energy Companies are not able to directly access this fund. This financing scheme has failed to gain momentum because of complex regulations and risk adverse tendency of commercial banks. We can create village based SME entrepreneurs to popularize sol ar pumps, mini grids and biogas plants etc. The entrepreneurs would invest in the technology and earn a return by renting the technology to others. They can source loans from rural banks.  · District/sub district level companies can help rural based source loans and the technology through guarantee, information, while national level companies would help istrict/sub-district level small and big compani es to source finance, technology and build up their market. Including a component in housing loans for installing solar. Creating a special green fund for providing grant for pilot testing new projects. Providing matching grants through local government institutions to green our infrastructure such as rural schools , clinics, cyc lone shelters, etc. Focusing on an Efficient, Cost effective Supply Chain: We need to set up more battery and other solar accessory manufacturing units to create a competitive environment, reduce costs and increase efficiency. Our government should try o attract foreign investment and R & D in this sector. Creating a window in agricultural and other rural financial institutions to provide credit fo r RET, we can include training and credit for renewable energy technologies in our youth development programs. We should especially focus on SME loans and micro-credit loans for creating small and big entrepreneurs in the rural areas. Currently solar practitioners are suffering from high battery price. This can be solved through more battery companies. We should concentrate on manufacturin g export quality products to achieve economies of scale and tap into the world market. We can onsider setting up Green Enterprise Zones especially for solar accessories such as charge controllers, inver tors, mobile chargers etc with a focus on the rural areas to create green jobs. Circulating green bonds for raising capital for solar and other RET. Passing Pro -renewable energy Laws Providing special incentives such as long term soft loans, tax cuts for promoting solar both at the individual and commercial level. Biogas production can also be installed in combination with sanitation. Public toilets incorporating biogas units are particularly suitable for pen -urban areas and small towns in India where the supply of cooking gas is nadequate and wastewater treatment is unaffordable for the local authorities. Biogas systems can become part of decentralized wastewater treatment, and provide the fuel needed for heating water, for bathing and running generators to provide lighting in these facilities. Removing all VAT/Tax for all type of solar accessories and raw materials to reduce cost. Bangladesh has one of the highest tariff structures in the world. Providing tax holidays and other benefits for investing in solar businesses. Making it mandatory to have all market places, restaurants, commercial buildings to install solar. At the same time government should rovide soft loans for solar installation which would be part of housing loans. Easy Access to Green Credit & Funds: Investing in Capacity Development and R & D Page 14 / 79 Journal of Chemical Engineering, IEB Vol. ChE. 26, No. 1, December 2011 Developing a sustainable framework for developing human resources through country wide vocational centers, training institutes etc. Focus should be also on developing export quality human resource. This would also an incentive for private companies to participate with the maturing of the sector. Focusing on R & D to adapt and develop innovative technologies. We should have nnovation lab in all major universities which should be linked with international institutions and research institutions. Government should create an incentive structure such as competitions, awards to promote R & D. Facilitating new ideas such as installment collection through mobile phones, prepaid cards to scale up and reduce transaction costs. Conclusion Bangladesh has given birth to one of most successful models to replicate RET. Keys to these successes are an innovative credit system, appropriate product design, grassroots based effective and efficient after sales service plus other consumer friendly options. However, the main actor behind the Bangladesh success story is that it empowers rural communities to own and uses RET and eventually become partners to bring and expand RET in their communities. It seeks solutions that empower women, the disadvantaged, create jobs, facilitate rural development and especially protect the environment. To summarize, Bangladesh already has experience with RET projects. The potential of these project initiatives is high. Viable approaches need to be amplified to a broader context under a national RET strategy. In particular, the pilot sc hemes of RET development in Bangladesh need be scaled up to take a greater share in f niche markets for RET and strengthening relevant institutions to implement RET policy direction are possible avenues to assist with this. References 1. M S Islam and M R Islam (July 2011), Reducing biomass usage in rural areas of Bangladesh, South Asia Energy Network, Practical Action, Colombo, p . 4 -5 2. United States Agency for International Development (2011), Obtained from http://www. usaid. gov/bd/programs/energy. html [Accessed on 2nd October 2011] 3. Infrastructure Development Company Limited (2011), Obtained from http://www. idcol. org/prjshsm2004. php [Accessed on 3rd October 2011] Page 15 / 79